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| Author | Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Nowak, C.; Szentiks, C.A.; Krone, O.; Ansorge, H.; Mueller, T. | ||||
| Title | Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Conservation Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Conservation Letters |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 3 | Pages | e12635 |
| Keywords | Canis lupus; large carnivores; population growth; protected areas; recolonization | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) are currently showing a remarkable comeback in the highly fragmented cultural landscapes of Germany. We here show that wolf numbers increased exponentially between 2000 and 2015 with an annual increase of about 36%. We demonstrate that the first territories in each newly colonized region were established over long distances from the nearest known reproducing pack on active military training areas (MTAs). We show that MTAs, rather than protected areas, served as stepping-stones for the recolonization of Germany facilitating subsequent spreading of wolf territories in the surrounding landscape. We did not find any significant difference between MTAs and protected areas with regard to habitat. One possible reason for the importance of MTAs may be their lower anthropogenic mortality rates compared to protected and other areas. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case where MTAs facilitate the recolonization of an endangered species across large areas. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1755-263x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12635 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial  |
6676 | ||
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| Author | Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D. | ||||
| Title | Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 279-283 |
| Keywords | Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing | ||||
| Abstract | A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to a survey designed to better characterize early management of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in feeding practices was evident and while well over half of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized to a lesser extent. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
5758 | ||
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| Author | Lee, R.D. | ||||
| Title | Rethinking the evolutionary theory of aging: transfers, not births, shape senescence in social species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
| Volume | 100 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 9637-9642 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Physiological; *Aging; Animals; *Biological Evolution; Demography; Economics; Environment; Fertility; Humans; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Models, Theoretical; Parturition; Population Dynamics; Population Growth; Reproduction | ||||
| Abstract | The classic evolutionary theory of aging explains why mortality rises with age: as individuals grow older, less lifetime fertility remains, so continued survival contributes less to reproductive fitness. However, successful reproduction often involves intergenerational transfers as well as fertility. In the formal theory offered here, age-specific selective pressure on mortality depends on a weighted average of remaining fertility (the classic effect) and remaining intergenerational transfers to be made to others. For species at the optimal quantity-investment tradeoff for offspring, only the transfer effect shapes mortality, explaining postreproductive survival and why juvenile mortality declines with age. It also explains the evolution of lower fertility, longer life, and increased investments in offspring. | ||||
| Address | Department of Demography, University of California, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720-2120, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12878733 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
5465 | ||
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| Author | Riebli, T.; Avgan, B.; Bottini, A.-M.; Duc, C.; Taborsky, M.; Heg, D. | ||||
| Title | Behavioural type affects dominance and growth in staged encounters of cooperatively breeding cichlids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 81 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 313-323 |
| Keywords | behavioural syndrome; body condition; Neolamprologus pulcher; personality; reserves; strategic growth; submission | ||||
| Abstract | In animals, behavioural properties such as aggressive propensity are often consistent over a life span, and they may form part of a behavioural syndrome. We studied how aggressive propensity influences dominance, contest behaviour and growth in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher. We tested whether intrinsic aggressive propensity (1) influences dominance in paired contests, (2) causes different aggression levels in contests with partners matched for aggressive propensity compared to unmatched partners, and how it (3) affects growth rate in groups that were either matched or unmatched for aggressive propensity. Intrinsic aggressive propensity was first scored with a mirror test and classified as high, medium or low. Thereafter we tested fish with either high or low aggressive propensity with partners matched for size and either matched or unmatched for aggressive type in a paired contest for a shelter. We scored dominance, aggression and submission. As predicted, (1) dominance was more clearly established in unmatched than in matched contests and (2) individuals with high aggressive propensity launched more attacks overall than fish with low intrinsic aggressiveness, suggesting a higher propensity to escalate independently of winning or losing the paired contest. However, contrary to expectation, (3) individuals with low aggressiveness grew faster than aggressive ones in unmatched groups, whereas the opposite occurred in matched groups. This suggests that individuals with low aggressive propensity may benefit from conflict evasion, which might allow them to gain dominance in the future owing to larger body size. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
5319 | ||
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| Author | Smith, D.G.; Pearson, R.A. | ||||
| Title | A review of the factors affecting the survival of donkeys in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Tropical Animal Health and Production | Abbreviated Journal | Trop Anim Health Prod |
| Volume | 37 Suppl 1 | Issue | Pages | 1-19 | |
| Keywords | Africa South of the Sahara; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Equidae/growth & development/*physiology; Socioeconomic Factors | ||||
| Abstract | The large fluctuations seen in cattle populations during periods of drought in sub-Saharan Africa are not evident in the donkey population. Donkeys appear to have a survival advantage over cattle that is increasingly recognized by smallholder farmers in their selection of working animals. The donkey's survival advantages arise from both socioeconomic and biological factors. Socioeconomic factors include the maintenance of a low sustainable population of donkeys owing to their single-purpose role and their low social status. Also, because donkeys are not usually used as a meat animal and can provide a regular income as a working animal, they are not slaughtered in response to drought, as are cattle. Donkeys have a range of physiological and behavioural adaptations that individually provide small survival advantages over cattle but collectively may make a large difference to whether or not they survive drought. Donkeys have lower maintenance costs as a result of their size and spend less energy while foraging for food; lower energy costs result in a lower dry matter intake (DMI) requirement. In donkeys, low-quality diets are digested almost as efficiently as in ruminants and, because of a highly selective feeding strategy, the quality of diet obtained by donkeys in a given pasture is higher than that obtained by cattle. Lower energy costs of walking, longer foraging times per day and ability to tolerate thirst may allow donkeys to access more remote, under-utilized sources of forage that are inaccessible to cattle on rangeland. As donkeys become a more popular choice of working animal for farmers, specific management practices need to be devised that allow donkeys to fully maximize their natural survival advantages. | ||||
| Address | Department of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK. d.g.smith@abdn.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0049-4747 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16335068 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
4231 | ||
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| Author | Hoff, M.P.; Nadler, R.D.; Maple, T.L. | ||||
| Title | Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | Developmental Psychobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Dev Psychobiol |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 251-265 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Dependency (Psychology); Female; Gorilla gorilla/*growth & development; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Personality; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Weaning | ||||
| Abstract | In March 1976, 3 lowlands gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) were born to primiparous females living with an adult male in a large compound at the field station of the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center of Emory University. Observations of parent and infant behavior began at the birth of the infants, using several methods of data collection. This report focuses on the development of independence in these infants over the 1st 1 1/2 years of life. As expected, measures of mother-infant contact and proximity decreased with age. Several measures suggested that infant independence developed as an interactive process between mothers and infants, with primary responsibility changing over the months of study. Maternal behaviors that served to maintain mother-infant contact were found to decrease with age, with an eventual shift to infant responsibility for contact maintenance. Additionally, the adult male appeared to influence developing independence as reflected in the maternal protectiveness evoked by his behavior. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0012-1630 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7262467 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
4170 | ||
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| Author | Cowley, J.J.; Griesel, R.D. | ||||
| Title | The effect on growth and behaviour of rehabilitating first and second generation low protein rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1966 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 506-517 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Diet Therapy; Dietary Proteins; Female; *Growth; Humans; Intelligence; Learning; Male; Mental Retardation/etiology; Protein Deficiency/*therapy; Rats | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:6008473 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
4119 | ||
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| Author | Stamps, J.A. | ||||
| Title | Growth-mortality tradeoffs and 'personality traits' in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Ecology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Ecol Lett |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 355-363 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Growth; *Mortality; *Personality | ||||
| Abstract | Consistent individual differences in boldness, reactivity, aggressiveness, and other 'personality traits' in animals are stable within individuals but vary across individuals, for reasons which are currently obscure. Here, I suggest that consistent individual differences in growth rates encourage consistent individual differences in behavior patterns that contribute to growth-mortality tradeoffs. This hypothesis predicts that behavior patterns that increase both growth and mortality rates (e.g. foraging under predation risk, aggressive defense of feeding territories) will be positively correlated with one another across individuals, that selection for high growth rates will increase mean levels of potentially risky behavior across populations, and that within populations, faster-growing individuals will take more risks in foraging contexts than slower-growing individuals. Tentative empirical support for these predictions suggests that a growth-mortality perspective may help explain some of the consistent individual differences in behavioral traits that have been reported in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals with indeterminate growth. | ||||
| Address | University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jastamps@ucdavis.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1461-0248 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17498134 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
4100 | ||
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| Author | Santamaria, S.; Bobbert, M.F.; Back, W.; Barneveld, A.; van Weeren, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Effect of early training on the jumping technique of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American Journal of Veterinary Research | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Vet Res |
| Volume | 66 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 418-424 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biomechanics; Forelimb/physiology; Gait/*physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/growth & development/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Models, Biological; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*methods | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of early training for jumping by comparing the jumping technique of horses that had received early training with that of horses raised conventionally. ANIMALS: 40 Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURE: The horses were analyzed kinematically during free jumping at 6 months of age. Subsequently, they were allocated into a control group that was raised conventionally and an experimental group that received 30 months of early training starting at 6 months of age. At 4 years of age, after a period of rest in pasture and a short period of training with a rider, both groups were analyzed kinematically during free jumping. Subsequently, both groups started a 1-year intensive training for jumping, and at 5 years of age, they were again analyzed kinematically during free jumping. In addition, the horses competed in a puissance competition to test maximal performance. RESULTS: Whereas there were no differences in jumping technique between experimental and control horses at 6 months of age, at 4 years, the experimental horses jumped in a more effective manner than the control horses; they raised their center of gravity less yet cleared more fences successfully than the control horses. However, at 5 years of age, these differences were not detected. Furthermore, the experimental horses did not perform better than the control horses in the puissance competition. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Specific training for jumping of horses at an early age is unnecessary because the effects on jumping technique and jumping capacity are not permanent. | ||||
| Address | Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0002-9645 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15822585 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
4037 | ||
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| Author | Gomez, J.-C. | ||||
| Title | Species comparative studies and cognitive development | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Trends in Cognitive Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 118-125 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention/physiology; Brain/*growth & development; Child, Preschool; Cognition/*physiology; Concept Formation/physiology; Dogs; Evolution; Fixation, Ocular; Gorilla gorilla; Humans; Infant; Learning/*physiology; Macaca mulatta; Mental Recall/physiology; Personal Construct Theory; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | The comparative study of infant development and animal cognition brings to cognitive science the promise of insights into the nature and origins of cognitive skills. In this article, I review a recent wave of comparative studies conducted with similar methodologies and similar theoretical frameworks on how two core components of human cognition--object permanence and gaze following--develop in different species. These comparative findings call for an integration of current competing accounts of developmental change. They further suggest that evolution has produced developmental devices capable at the same time of preserving core adaptive components, and opening themselves up to further adaptive change, not only in interaction with the external environment, but also in interaction with other co-developing cognitive systems. | ||||
| Address | Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY15 9JU, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15737820 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
2851 | ||
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