Records |
Author |
Overli, O.; Sorensen, C.; Pulman, K.G.T.; Pottinger, T.G.; Korzan, W.; Summers, C.H.; Nilsson, G.E. |
Title |
Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
Volume |
31 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
396-412 |
Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Biogenic Monoamines/physiology; Brain/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Evolution; Glucocorticoids/*physiology; Individuality; Lizards; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Social Dominance; Stress, Psychological/*psychology |
Abstract |
Reactions to stress vary between individuals, and physiological and behavioral responses tend to be associated in distinct suites of correlated traits, often termed stress-coping styles. In mammals, individuals exhibiting divergent stress-coping styles also appear to exhibit intrinsic differences in cognitive processing. A connection between physiology, behavior, and cognition was also recently demonstrated in strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for consistently high or low cortisol responses to stress. The low-responsive (LR) strain display longer retention of a conditioned response, and tend to show proactive behaviors such as enhanced aggression, social dominance, and rapid resumption of feed intake after stress. Differences in brain monoamine neurochemistry have also been reported in these lines. In comparative studies, experiments with the lizard Anolis carolinensis reveal connections between monoaminergic activity in limbic structures, proactive behavior in novel environments, and the establishment of social status via agonistic behavior. Together these observations suggest that within-species diversity of physiological, behavioral and cognitive correlates of stress responsiveness is maintained by natural selection throughout the vertebrate sub-phylum. |
Address |
Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 As, Norway. oyvind.overli@umb.no |
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English |
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ISSN |
0149-7634 |
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Notes |
PMID:17182101 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2801 |
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Author |
Kozarovitskii, L.B. |
Title |
[Further comment on the distinction between humans and animals] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly. Biologicheskie Nauki |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki |
Volume |
|
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
42-45 |
Keywords |
Animals; Consciousness; Evolution; Humans; Mental Processes; *Philosophy; Thinking |
Abstract |
The problem of mind is considered in the aspect of natural scientific and philosophical problem of distinction between human and animal. The widespread confusion of the terms “rudiments”, “elements” of specifically human properties in animals and “biological prerequisites” of these properties are critically analysed. The idea is formulated according to which only in the process of anthropogenesis the rudiments of new social property--mind, conscience--could appear in the developing human beings. |
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Language |
Russian |
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Original Title |
Eshche raz o grani mezhdu chelovecheskim i zhivotnym |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0470-4606 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:3382706 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2800 |
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Author |
Kaplan, A.I.; Borodovskii, M.I. |
Title |
[Alternative animal behavior: a model and its statistical characteristics] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly. Biologicheskie Nauki |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nauchnye Doki Vyss Shkoly Biol Nauki |
Volume |
|
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
29-32 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Male; Mathematics; *Models, Biological; *Models, Statistical; Rats; Reinforcement (Psychology) |
Abstract |
The rats' alternative behaviour in T-maze at simultaneous two-sided food refreshment in 13 trials a day during 6 days has been studied. It has been found that in the first testing days the indexes of alternative behaviour of animals correspond to the characteristics of the random alternation. However, on the 5-6th day of testing in the overwhelming majority of rats the true deviation of alternation index above or below than the theoretical values has been revealed. A question on the existence of two strategies of cognitive behaviour alteration and perseveration in rat population is under discussion. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Al'ternativnoe povedenie zhivotnykh: model' i statisticheskie kharakteristiki |
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ISSN |
0470-4606 |
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Notes |
PMID:2742929 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2799 |
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Author |
Fricke, H.W. |
Title |
Individual partner recognition in fish: field studies on Amphiprion bicinctus |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Die Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
204-205 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cognition; Fishes/*physiology; *Sexual Behavior, Animal |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-1042 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:4709357 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2798 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A. |
Title |
Animal cooperation among unrelated individuals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Die Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
Volume |
89 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
533-541 |
Keywords |
Animals; Phylogeny; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
The evolution of cooperation has long been a topic near and dear to the hearts of behavioral and evolutionary ecologists. Cooperative behaviors run the gamut from fairly simple to very complicated and there are a myriad of ways to study cooperation. Here I shall focus on three paths that have been delineated in the study of intraspecific cooperation among unrelated individuals: reciprocity, byproduct mutualism, and group selection. In each case, I attempt to delineate the theory underlying each of these paths and then provide examples from the empirical literature. In addition, I shall briefly touch upon some recent work that has attempted to examine (or re-examine) the role of cognition and phylogeny in the study of cooperative behavior. While empirical and theoretical work has made significant strides in the name of better understanding the evolution and maintenance of cooperative behavior in animals, much work remains for the future. “From the point of view of the moralist, the animal world is on about the same level as the gladiator's show. The creatures are fairly well treated, and set to fight; whereby the strongest, the swiftest and the cunningest live to fight another day. The spectator has no need to turn his thumb down, as no quarter is given em leader the weakest and the stupidest went to the wall, while the toughest and the shrewdest, those who were best fitted to cope with their circumstances, but not the best in any other way, survived. Life was a continuous free fight, and em leader a war of each against all was the normal state of existence.” (Huxley 1888) |
Address |
Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. lee.dugatkin@louisville.edu |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0028-1042 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:12536274 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2797 |
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Author |
Staunton, H. |
Title |
Mammalian sleep |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Die Naturwissenschaften |
Abbreviated Journal |
Naturwissenschaften |
Volume |
92 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
203-220 |
Keywords |
Animals; Brain/*physiology; Dreams/physiology; Electroencephalography; Humans; Mammals/*physiology; Sleep/*physiology; Sleep, REM/physiology; Wakefulness/physiology |
Abstract |
This review examines the biological background to the development of ideas on rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep), so-called paradoxical sleep (PS), and its relation to dreaming. Aspects of the phenomenon which are discussed include physiological changes and their anatomical location, the effects of total and selective sleep deprivation in the human and animal, and REM sleep behavior disorder, the latter with its clinical manifestations in the human. Although dreaming also occurs in other sleep phases (non-REM or NREM sleep), in the human, there is a contingent relation between REM sleep and dreaming. Thus, REM is taken as a marker for dreaming and as REM is distributed ubiquitously throughout the mammalian class, it is suggested that other mammals also dream. It is suggested that the overall function of REM sleep/dreaming is more important than the content of the individual dream; its function is to place the dreamer protagonist/observer on the topographical world. This has importance for the developing infant who needs to develop a sense of self and separateness from the world which it requires to navigate and from which it is separated for long periods in sleep. Dreaming may also serve to maintain a sense of 'I'ness or “self” in the adult, in whom a fragility of this faculty is revealed in neurological disorders. |
Address |
Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. hugh@iol.ie |
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ISSN |
0028-1042 |
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Notes |
PMID:15843983 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2796 |
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Author |
Crook, J.H. |
Title |
On attributing consciousness to animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5912 |
Pages |
11-14 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Consciousness; Evolution; Learning |
Abstract |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:6843653 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2795 |
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Author |
McGonigle, B. |
Title |
Can apes learn to count? |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
315 |
Issue |
6014 |
Pages |
16-17 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:3990806 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2794 |
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Author |
Matsuzawa, T. |
Title |
Use of numbers by a chimpanzee |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
315 |
Issue |
6014 |
Pages |
57-59 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Female; Mathematics; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
Abstract |
Recent studies have examined linguistic abilities in apes. However, although human mathematical abilities seem to be derived from the same foundation as those in language, we have little evidence for mathematical abilities in apes (but for exceptions see refs 7-10). In the present study, a 5-yr-old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), 'Ai', was trained to use Arabic numerals to name the number of items in a display. Ai mastered numerical naming from one to six and was able to name the number, colour and object of 300 types of samples. Although no particular sequence of describing samples was required, the chimpanzee favoured two sequences (colour/object/number and object/colour/number). The present study demonstrates that the chimpanzee was able to describe the three attributes of the sample items and spontaneously organized the 'word order'. |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:3990808 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2793 |
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Author |
Terrace, H.S. |
Title |
Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
325 |
Issue |
7000 |
Pages |
149-151 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male |
Abstract |
A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence. |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:3808071 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2792 |
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