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Author Miklosi, A.; Pongracz, P.; Lakatos, G.; Topal, J.; Csanyi, V.
Title A Comparative Study of the Use of Visual Communicative Signals in Interactions Between Dogs (Canis familiaris) and Humans and Cats (Felis catus) and Humans Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.
Volume 119 Issue 2 Pages 179-186
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Abstract Dogs' (Canis familiaris) and cats' (Felis catus) interspecific communicative behavior toward humans was investigated. In Experiment 1, the ability of dogs and cats to use human pointing gestures in an object-choice task was compared using 4 types of pointing cues differing in distance between the signaled object and the end of the fingertip and in visibility duration of the given signal. Using these gestures, both dogs and cats were able to find the hidden food; there was no significant difference in their performance. In Experiment 2, the hidden food was made inaccessible to the subjects to determine whether they could indicate the place of the hidden food to a naive owner. Cats lacked some components of attention-getting behavior compared with dogs. The results suggest that individual familiarization with pointing gestures ensures high-level performance in the presence of such gestures; however, species-specific differences could cause differences in signaling toward the human.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 599
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Author Nakamaru, M.; Sasaki, A.
Title Can transitive inference evolve in animals playing the hawk-dove game? Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Journal of Theoretical Biology Abbreviated Journal J. Theor. Biol.
Volume 222 Issue 4 Pages 461-470
Keywords Hawk-dove game; Ess; Transitive inference; Resource holding potential
Abstract What should an individual do if there are no reliable cues to the strength of a competitor when fighting with it for resources? We herein examine the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the hawk-dove game, if the opponent's resource-holding potential (RHP) can only indirectly be inferred from the outcome of past interactions in the population. The strategies we examined include the classical mixed strategy in which no information on past games is utilized, the `imprinting' strategy in which a player increases/decreases its aggressiveness if it wins/loses a game, the `immediate inference' strategy in which a player can infer the strength of those opponents it fought before, and the `transitive inference' strategy in which a player can infer the strength of a new opponent through a third party with which both players have fought before. Invasibility analysis for each pair of strategies revealed that (i) the transitive-inference strategy can always invade the mixed strategy and the imprinting strategy, and itself refuses invasion by these strategies; (ii) the largest advantage for transitive inference is achieved when the number of games played per individual in one generation is small and when the cost of losing an escalated game is large; (iii) the immediate inference, rather than the transitive inference, can be an ESS if the cost of fighting is small; (iv) a strong linear ranking is established in the population of transitive-inference strategists, though it does not perfectly correlate to the ranking by actual RHPs. We found that the advantage of the transitive inference is not in its ability to correct a misassessment (it is actually the worst in doing so), but in the ability of quickly lining up either incorrect or correct assessments to form a linear dominance hierarchy.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 601
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Author Dusek, J.A.; Eichenbaum, H.
Title The hippocampus and memory for orderly stimulus relations Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 94 Issue 13 Pages 7109-7114
Keywords Animals; Attention; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Male; Memory/*physiology; Rats
Abstract Human declarative memory involves a systematic organization of information that supports generalizations and inferences from acquired knowledge. This kind of memory depends on the hippocampal region in humans, but the extent to which animals also have declarative memory, and whether inferential expression of memory depends on the hippocampus in animals, remains a major challenge in cognitive neuroscience. To examine these issues, we used a test of transitive inference pioneered by Piaget to assess capacities for systematic organization of knowledge and logical inference in children. In our adaptation of the test, rats were trained on a set of four overlapping odor discrimination problems that could be encoded either separately or as a single representation of orderly relations among the odor stimuli. Normal rats learned the problems and demonstrated the relational memory organization through appropriate transitive inferences about items not presented together during training. By contrast, after disconnection of the hippocampus from either its cortical or subcortical pathway, rats succeeded in acquiring the separate discrimination problems but did not demonstrate transitive inference, indicating that they had failed to develop or could not inferentially express the orderly organization of the stimulus elements. These findings strongly support the view that the hippocampus mediates a general declarative memory capacity in animals, as it does in humans.
Address Department of Psychology, Boston University, 64 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:9192700 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 607
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Author Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Heusner, G.
Title Preliminary study of the development of the Flehmen response in Equus caballus Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 78 Issue 2-4 Pages 329-335
Keywords Horse behavior; Flehmen; Foal development
Abstract The flehmen response is commonly seen in most ungulates as well as in several other species (e.g. felids). The behavior is most often thought to be part of the sexual behavioral repertoire of males. One reigning hypothesis suggests that this behavior allows the male to determine the estrous state of a female through the chemosensory functions of the vomeronasal organ. However, females and young of both sexes also exhibit this behavior. Horse foals most frequently show the flehmen response during their first month of life with colts showing the behavior more often than fillies. This study tested the flehmen response on male and female foals throughout their pre-pubertal period. Foals were separately presented estrous and non-estrous urine weekly during the first month of life and then monthly until they were approximately 7 months of age. No significant differences were found between male and female foals for the following variables: latency to flehmen, duration of flehmen, frequency of flehmen and sniffs.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 615
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Author ALEXANDER, F
Title Digestion in the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1963 Publication Zoologische Garten Abbreviated Journal Zool. Garten.
Volume Issue Pages 259-268
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Notes <a href=“http://references.equine-behaviour.de/klingel.htm”>from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List</a> Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 636
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Author ANSELL, WFH
Title The breeding of some larger mammals in northern Rhodesia Type Journal Article
Year 1960 Publication Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Abbreviated Journal Proc. Zool. Soc. London.
Volume 134 Issue Pages
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Abstract Details are given of a standard manner of recording breeding data of large mammals by game department officers, which is considered a great improvement on previous casual reporting. Information on the breeding in Northern Rhodesia of several ungulates and large Carnivora is summarised, and comparisons made with published data from other territories. It is stressed that much more study is needed, but certain points emerge from consideration of present information. Many species have their young at any time of year, and only a few have a really sharply defined birth season. The wart hog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) seems markedly seasonal in the south of its range, but not in the northern parts. There is at present no data on the fluctuations in frequency of births among non-seasonal breeders. In the seasonally breeding species the actual birth months vary somewhat from north to south, and in the wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) there may be variation in the calving time due apparently to purely localdifferences of environment. The wild dog (Lycaon pictus) appears to be monoestrus, but data on the larger felids, though incomplete, seems to indicate that young may be born at any time of the year. Limiting factors in the study of breeding in African large mammals are pointed out, but it is suggested that further work on the lines of that carried out in Northern. Rhodesia would be profitable.
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 643
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Author Antonius, O.
Title Zur Frage der Zähmung des Onager bei den alten Sumerern Type Journal Article
Year Publication Abbreviated Journal l.
Volume Issue Pages 477-484
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Language German Summary Language Original Title
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 644
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Author Antonius, O.
Title Beobachtungen an Einhufern in Schönbrunn, I. Der syrische Halbesel Type Journal Article
Year 1928 Publication Zoologische Garten Abbreviated Journal Zool. Garten.
Volume 1 Issue Pages 19-25
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 645
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Author Antonius, O.
Title Beobachtungen an Einhufern in Schönbrunn. II. Die Mongolischen Wildpferde. Type Journal Article
Year 1928 Publication Zoologische Garten Abbreviated Journal Zool. Garten.
Volume Issue Pages . 87-98
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 646
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Author Antonius, O.
Title Beobachtungen an Einhufern in Schönbrunn. III. Über Zebras, insbesondere das Burchellzebra. Type Journal Article
Year 1928 Publication Zoologische Garten Abbreviated Journal Zool. Garten.
Volume Issue Pages , 165-182
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial (up) 647
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