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Author Fortes, A.F.; Merchant, H.; Georgopoulos, A.P.
Title Comparative and categorical spatial judgments in the monkey: “high” and “low” Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Keywords Animals; *Classification; Cognition; *Discrimination Learning; Form Perception; Macaca mulatta/*parasitology; Male; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Semantics; *Space Perception
Abstract Adult human subjects can classify the height of an object as belonging to either of the “high” or “low” categories by utilizing an abstract concept of midline that divides the vertical dimension into two halves. Children lack this abstract concept of midline, do not have a sense that these categories are directional opposites, and their categorical and comparative usages of high(er) or low(er) are restricted to the corresponding poles. We investigated the abilities of a rhesus monkey to perform categorical judgments in space. We were also interested in the presence of the congruity effect (a decrease in response time when the objects compared are closer to the category pole) in the monkey. The presence of this phenomenon in the monkey would allow us to relate the behavior of the animal to the two major competing hypotheses that have been suggested to explain the congruity effect in humans: the analog and semantic models. The monkey was trained in delayed match-to-sample tasks in which it had to categorize objects as belonging to either a high or low category. The monkey was able to generate an abstract notion of midline in a fashion similar to that of adult human subjects. The congruity effect was also present in the monkey. These findings, taken together with the notion that monkeys are not considered to think in propositional terms, may favor an analog comparison model in the monkey.
Address Brain Sciences Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:15069609 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2531
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Author Munoz-Sanz, A.
Title [Christopher Columbus flu. A hypothesis for an ecological catastrophe] Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica Abbreviated Journal Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin
Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 326-334
Keywords Animals; Atlantic Islands; Birds; Chickens; Disease Outbreaks/*history; Disease Reservoirs; Disease Susceptibility; Ecology; Europe/ethnology; History, 15th Century; Horses; Humans; Indians, South American; Influenza A virus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*history/mortality/transmission; Models, Biological; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/history/veterinary/virology; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/history/transmission/virology; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/pathogenicity; Species Specificity; Sus scrofa; Swine Diseases/history/transmission/virology; Terminology; West Indies/epidemiology
Abstract When Christopher Columbus and his men embarked on the second Colombian expedition to the New World (1493), the crew suffered from fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. It is generally accepted that the disease was influenza. Pigs, horses and hens acquired in Gomera (Canary Islands) traveled in the same ship. The pigs may well have been the origin of the flu and the intermediary hosts for genetic recombination of other viral subtypes. The Caribbean archipelago had a large population of birds, the natural reservoir of the avian influenza virus. In this ecological scenario there was a concurrence of several biological elements that had never before coexisted in the New World: pigs, horses, the influenza virus and humans. We propose that birds are likely to have played an important role in the epidemiology of the flu occurring on the second Colombian trip, which caused a fatal demographic catastrophe, with an estimated mortality of 90% among the natives.
Address Unidad de Patologia Infecciosa, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Servicio Extremeno de Salud, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Espana. infectio@unex.es
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Spanish Summary Language Original Title La gripe de Cristobal Colon. Hipotesis sobre una catastrofe ecologica
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0213-005X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16762260 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2624
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Author Milinovich, G.J.; Trott, D.J.; Burrell, P.C.; van Eps, A.W.; Thoefner, M.B.; Blackall, L.L.; Al Jassim, R.A.M.; Morton, J.M.; Pollitt, C.C.
Title Changes in equine hindgut bacterial populations during oligofructose-induced laminitis Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Environmental Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Environ Microbiol
Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages 885-898
Keywords Animal Feed; Animals; Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification; DNA, Bacterial/analysis; Disease Models, Animal; Feces/microbiology; Foot Diseases/etiology/microbiology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/microbiology; Horses; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Intestines/*microbiology; Oligosaccharides/*administration & dosage/*metabolism; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Bacterial/analysis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
Abstract In the horse, carbohydrate overload is thought to play an integral role in the onset of laminitis by drastically altering the profile of bacterial populations in the hindgut. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate microbial ecology methods to monitor changes in bacterial populations throughout the course of experimentally induced laminitis and to identify the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organisms. Laminitis was induced in five horses by administration of oligofructose. Faecal specimens were collected at 8 h intervals from 72 h before to 72 h after the administration of oligofructose. Hindgut microbiota able to utilize oligofructose were enumerated throughout the course of the experiment using habitat-simulating medium. Isolates were collected and representatives identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of these isolates collected belonged to the genus Streptococcus, 91% of which were identified as being most closely related to Streptococcus infantarius ssp. coli. Furthermore, S. infantarius ssp. coli was the predominant oligofructose-utilizing organism isolated before the onset of lameness. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes developed to specifically target the isolated Streptococcus spp. demonstrated marked population increases between 8 and 16 h post oligofructose administration. This was followed by a rapid population decline which corresponded with a sharp decline in faecal pH and subsequently lameness at 24-32 h post oligofructose administration. This research suggests that streptococci within the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex may be involved in the series of events which precede the onset of laminitis in the horse.
Address Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. g.milinovich@uq.edu.au
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1462-2912 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16623745 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2625
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Author Giangaspero, A.; Traversa, D.; Otranto, D.
Title [Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy] Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Parassitologia Abbreviated Journal Parassitologia
Volume 46 Issue 1-2 Pages 257-259
Keywords Animals; Cattle/parasitology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission; Disease Transmission, Horizontal; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Dogs/parasitology; Ecosystem; Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Italy/epidemiology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Thelazioidea/classification/*isolation & purification
Abstract The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. Bovine thelaziosis is caused by Thelazia rhodesi Desmarest 1828, Thelazia gulosa Railliet & Henry 1910, and Thelazia skrjabini Erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the New World, while T. rhodesi is particularly common in the Old World. In Italy, T. rhodesi was reported in southern regions a long time ago and, recently, T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been identified in autochthonous cattle first in Apulia and then in Sardinia. Thirteen species of Musca are listed as intermediate hosts of eyeworms, but only Musca autumnalis and Musca larvipara have been demonstrated to act as vectors of Thelazia in the ex-URSS, North America, ex-Czechoslovakia and more recently in Sweden. In Italy, after the reports of T. gulosa and T. skrjabini in southern regions, the intermediate hosts of bovine eyeworms were initially only suspected as the predominant secretophagous Muscidae collected from the periocular region of cattle with thelaziosis were the face flies, M. autumnalis and M. larvipara, followed by Musca osiris, Musca tempestiva and Musca domestica. The well-known constraints in the identification of immature eyeworms to species by fly dissection and also the time-consuming techniques used constitute important obstacles to epidemiological field studies (i.e. vector identification and/or role, prevalence and pattern of infection in flies, etc.). Molecular studies have recently permitted to further investigations into this area. A PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS-1 sequence was developed to differentiate the 3 species of Thelazia (i.e. T. gulosa, T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini) found in Italy, then a molecular epidemiological survey has recently been carried out in field conditions throughout five seasons of fly activity and has identified the role of M. autumnalis, M. larvipara, M. osiris and M. domestica as vectors of T. gulosa and of M. autumnalis and M. larvipara of T. rhodesi. Moreover, M. osiris was described, for the first time, to act as a vector of T. gulosa and M. larvipara of T. gulosa and T. rhodesi. The mean prevalence in the fly population examined was found to be 2.86%. The molecular techniques have opened new perspectives for further research on the ecology and epidemiology not only of Thelazia in cattle but also of other autochthonous species of Thelazia which have been also recorded in Italy, such as Thelazia callipaeda, which is responsible for human and canid ocular infection and Thelazia lacrymalis, the horse eyeworm whose epidemiological molecular studies are in progress.
Address Dipartimento PR.I.M.E., Universita degli Studi di Foggia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Italian Summary Language Original Title Ecologia di Thelazia spp. e dei vettori in Italia
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0048-2951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:15305729 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2633
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Author Gasser, R.B.; Hung, G.-C.; Chilton, N.B.; Beveridge, I.
Title Advances in developing molecular-diagnostic tools for strongyloid nematodes of equids: fundamental and applied implications Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Molecular and Cellular Probes Abbreviated Journal Mol Cell Probes
Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 3-16
Keywords Animals; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis; Equidae/*parasitology; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/diagnosis; Strongylida/classification/genetics; Strongylida Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/veterinary
Abstract Infections of equids with parasitic nematodes of the order Strongylida (subfamilies Strongylinae and Cyathostominae) are of major veterinary importance. In last decades, the widespread use of drugs against these parasites has led to problems of resistance within the Cyathostominae, and to an increase in their prevalence and intensity of infection. Novel control strategies, based on improved knowledge of parasite biology and epidemiology, have thus become important. However, there are substantial limitations in the understanding of fundamental biological and systematic aspects of these parasites, which have been due largely to limitations in their specific identification and diagnosis using traditional, morphological approaches. Recently, there has been progress in the development of DNA-based approaches for the specific identification of strongyloids of equids for systematic studies and disease diagnosis. The present article briefly reviews information on the classification, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology of equine strongyloids and the diagnosis of infections, highlights knowledge gaps in these areas, describes recent advances in the use of molecular techniques for the genetic characterisation, specific identification and differentiation of strongyloids of equids as a basis for fundamental investigations of the systematics, population biology and ecology.
Address Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia. robinbg@unimelb.edu.au
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0890-8508 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:15036364 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2636
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Author Hall, R.A.; Broom, A.K.; Smith, D.W.; Mackenzie, J.S.
Title The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Abbreviated Journal Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
Volume 267 Issue Pages 253-269
Keywords Animals; Culicidae/virology; Ecosystem; Horse Diseases/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Population Surveillance; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*etiology/veterinary; West Nile virus/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification
Abstract
Address Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0070-217X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:12082993 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2642
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Barros, A.T.
Title Seasonality and relative abundance of Tabanidae (Diptera) captured on horses in the Pantanal, Brazil Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Abbreviated Journal Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
Volume 96 Issue 7 Pages 917-923
Keywords Animals; Brazil; Climate; Diptera/classification/*physiology; Ecology; Horses/*parasitology; Population Dynamics; Seasons; Species Specificity
Abstract Once a month, from June 1992 to May 1993, collections of tabanids on horse were conducted in the Nhecolandia, Pantanal State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Tabanid catches using hand nets were conducted from sunrise to sunset at grassland and cerradao (dense savanna) habitats. A total of 3,442 tabanids from 21 species,12 genera, and 3 subfamilies were collected. Although species abundance varied seasonally depending on habitat, no habitat specificity was observed for the most abundant species. In the grassland, 1,625 (47.2%) tabanids belonging to 19 species were collected, while 1,817 (52.8%) tabanids from 17 species were caught in the cerradao. The number of tabanid species varied from 7 during winter (July/August) to 15 in the spring (October). Tabanus importunus (56%) was the most abundant species, followed by T. occidentalis (8.2%), and T. claripennis (8.1%). The tabanid peak, in October, coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. The population peak of most species, including those with higher vector potential, suggests that the rainy season can be considered as the period of potentially higher risk of mechanical transmission of pathogens by tabanids to horses in the region.
Address Embrapa Pantanal, 79320-900 Corumba, MS, Brasil. thadeu@cpap.embrapa.br
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0074-0276 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11685255 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2644
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Author Sebastiani, F.; Meiswinkel, R.; Gomulski, L.M.; Guglielmino, C.R.; Mellor, P.S.; Malacrida, A.R.; Gasperi, G.
Title Molecular differentiation of the Old World Culicoides imicola species complex (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), inferred using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal Mol Ecol
Volume 10 Issue 7 Pages 1773-1786
Keywords Africa; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/*classification/*genetics; Ecology; Evolution, Molecular; Female; *Genetic Markers; Madagascar; Phylogeny; *Polymorphism, Genetic; *Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Variation (Genetics)
Abstract Samples of seven of the 10 morphological species of midges of the Culicoides imicola complex were considered. The importance of this species complex is connected to its vectorial capacity for African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). Consequently, the risk of transmission may vary dramatically, depending upon the particular cryptic species present in a given area. The species complex is confined to the Old World and our samples were collected in Southern Africa, Madagascar and the Ivory Coast. Genomic DNA of 350 randomly sampled individual midges from 19 populations was amplified using four 20-mer primers by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. One hundred and ninety-six interpretable polymorphic bands were obtained. Species-specific RAPD profiles were defined and for five species diagnostic RAPD fragments were identified. A high degree of polymorphism was detected in the species complex, most of which was observed within populations (from 64 to 76%). Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and cluster analysis provided an estimate of the degree of variation between and within populations and species. There was substantial concordance between the taxonomies derived from morphological and molecular data. The amount and the different distributions of genetic (RAPD) variation among the taxa can be associated to their life histories, i.e. the abundance and distribution of the larval breeding sites and their seasonality.
Address Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0962-1083 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11472544 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2647
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Author Pichardo, M.
Title Valsequillo biostratigraphy. III: Equid ecospecies in Paleoindian sites Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur Abbreviated Journal Anthropol Anz
Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 275-298
Keywords Animals; *Ecology; Horses/*classification; Mexico; *Paleodontology; Species Specificity
Abstract Greater precision in North American Pleistocene equid taxonomy makes it now possible to exploit the ubiquitous horse remains in Paleoindian sites as ecological index-fossils. The horses of Central Mexico and the Southern Plains can be sorted by tooth size alone, except for two rare large horses of the Southern Plains. The species endemic to these grasslands and south to Central Mexico are Equus pacificus (large), E. conversidens (small), E. francisci (smallest). The Southern Plains were also occupied by a specialized grazer E. excelsus (Burnet and Sandia caves) and E. occidentalis (Dry and Sandia caves). West of the Rocky Mountains E. occidentalis was dominant. East of the Mississippi River two woodland species are found: E. fraternus and E. littoralis.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-5548 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:11082786 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2648
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Satorov, S.S.; Orzuev, M.I.
Title [Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification] Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii Abbreviated Journal Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
Volume Issue 12 Pages 37-39
Keywords Animals; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary; Cats; Ecology; Goats; Horses; Perissodactyla; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Staphylococcus/classification/*isolation & purification
Abstract Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Chastota vydeleniia stafilokokkov u domashnykh zhivotnykh i identifikatsiia shtammov
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0372-9311 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3445728 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial (up) 2676
Permanent link to this record