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Author | Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
Title | Breaking up fights between others: a model of intervention behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B |
Volume | 265 | Issue | 1394 | Pages | 433-437 |
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Abstract | To examine when and why animals break up fights between others in their group, I modelled whether ‘winner’ and ‘loser’ effects might be one element driving the evolution of intervention behaviour. I considered one particular type of intervention: when the intervener simply breaks up fights between two others, but does not favour either party in so doing. When victories at time T + 1 are more likely given a victory at time T (i.e. winner effects), intervention is often favoured. Intervention is favoured in these circumstances because the intervening party in essence stops others from ‘getting on a roll’ and climbing up any hierarchy that exists. However, when loser effects alone are at work (defeats at time T + 1 are more likely given a defeat at time T), breaking up fights between others is never selected. If both winner and loser effects are operating simultaneously, then the likelihood of intervention behaviour evolving is a function of the relative strength of these two effects. The greater the winner effect relative to the loser effect, the more likely intervention behaviour is to evolve. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1098/rspb.1998.0313 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5240 | ||
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Author | Henzi, S.P.; Lycett, J.E.; Weingrill, T. | ||||
Title | Mate guarding and risk assessment by male mountain baboons during inter-troop encounters | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 55 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1421-1428 |
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Abstract | Aggressive herding of females is a frequent but not invariant response by male savannah baboons,Papio cynocephalus, to encounters with other troops. While males in some troops are consistently more likely to herd than those in others, not all inter-troop encounters result in herding, even within particular troops. This suggests that males assess the risk of male invasion posed by each encounter and respond accordingly. We used data from baboon troops in the Drakensberg mountains to determine the rules males follow in deciding whether to herd. Consistent differences between troops were explained only by the adult sex ratio. Males were more likely to herd if the sex ratio of their own troop was female biased, a finding that is concordant with the observation that males are more likely to immigrate into troops where the sex ratio is more female biased than the population average. Differences within troops were a consequence only of encounter distance, with herding being more likely at closer distances. We found a negative correlation between the angle of approach to the other troop and the subsequent angle of deflection. We interpret this to mean that herding functions to increase the distance between the interacting troops, thereby curtailing opportunities for strange males to inspect the troop and determine its sex ratio. In this way, possibly unlike those in other populations, the decision rules of these male baboons are geared to protecting longer-term reproductive prospects. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5311 | ||
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Author | Wittling, W.; Block, A.; Schweiger, E.; Genzel, S. | ||||
Title | Hemisphere Asymmetry in Sympathetic Control of the Human Myocardium | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Brain and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Cogn. |
Volume | 38 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 17-35 |
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Abstract | Hemisphere asymmetry in sympathetic control of myocardial performance was studied in healthy human subjects using lateralized film presentation for selective sensory stimulation of the hemispheres and impedance cardiography for the evaluation of cardiac output, systolic time intervals and myocardial contractility. Results revealed a clear and consistent right hemisphere predominance in sympathetically mediated control of various components of myocardial performance. There is reason to assume that the obtained hemisphere differences in autonomic control of the heart are self-reliant processes not depending on emotion-related hemisphere asymmetry. As far as we know, this is the first study examining the distinct roles of the cerebral hemispheres in neural control of ventricular myocardial functions. | ||||
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ISSN | 0278-2626 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5351 | ||
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Author | Barton, N. | ||||
Title | Evolutionary biology: The geometry of adaptation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 395 | Issue | 6704 | Pages | 751-752 |
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ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | 10.1038/27338 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5469 | ||
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Author | Weng, R.C.; Edwards, S.A.; English, P.R. | ||||
Title | Behaviour, social interactions and lesion scores of group-housed sows in relation to floor space allowance | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 59 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 307-316 |
Keywords | Pig-social behaviour; Space requirements; Anomalous behaviour | ||||
Abstract | The space allowance appropriate for sows in group housing remains scientifically undefined, since the social space requirement of a group of animals and the factors which affect this are unknown. Eight established groups of six pregnant, multiparous sows were used in a replicated Latin Square design of experiment, with 7 day periods, to compare four pen sizes providing 2.0, 2.4, 3.6 or 4.8 m2/sow. For the last 48 h of each 7 day period, a continuous video recording was made to determine general behaviour and all social interactions. Time spent rooting increased progressively with increasing space allowance, whereas time spent sitting and standing inactive were both progressively reduced. The total frequency of social interactions and aggressive behaviour both increased with decreasing space allowance. The Attack:Retreat ratio was significantly higher, and the Avoidance Index significantly lower, in the smallest pen. All body regions had the highest count of lesions after sows had been in the smallest pen, with damage levels being reduced as pen area increased. Analysis of body lesion scores, combining incidence and severity, gave the same treatment effects. In conclusion, the results indicated that a minimum space of between 2.4 and 3.6 m2/sow was necessary in the conditions of this experiment to promote good welfare. This result cannot be generalised to situations of different group size, group stability or feeding method. | ||||
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5474 | ||
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Author | Byrne, R. W.; Russon, A. E. | ||||
Title | Learning by imitation: a hierachical approach | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Brain Sci. | |
Volume | 21 | Issue | Pages | 667-721 | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5598 | ||
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Author | Alexander, S.L.; Irvine, C.H. | ||||
Title | The effect of social stress on adrenal axis activity in horses: the importance of monitoring corticosteroid-binding globulin capacity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Endocrinology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 157 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 425-432 |
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Abstract | Plasma cortisol is largely bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which regulates its bioavailability by restricting exit from capillaries. Levels of CBG may be altered by several factors including stress and this can influence the amount of cortisol reaching cells. This study investigated the effect of social instability on plasma concentrations of CBG, total and free (not protein bound) cortisol in horses. Horses new to our research herd ('newcomers') were confined in a small yard with four dominant resident horses for 3-4 h daily for 3-4 (n = 5) or 9-14 (n = 3) days. Jugular blood was collected in the mornings from newcomers before the period of stress began ('pre-stress'), and then before each day's stress. Residents were bled before stress on the first and thirteenth day. Residents always behaved aggressively towards newcomers. By the end of the stress period, all newcomers were subordinate to residents. In newcomers (n = 8) after 3-4 days of social stress, CBG binding capacity had fallen (P = 0.0025), while free cortisol concentrations had risen (P = 0.0016) from pre-stress values. In contrast, total cortisol did not change. In residents, CBG had decreased slightly but significantly (P = 0.0162) after 12 days of stress. Residents and newcomers did not differ in pre-stress CBG binding capacity, total or free cortisol concentrations. However, by the second week of stress, CBG binding capacity was lower (P = 0.015) and free cortisol higher (P = 0.030) in newcomers (n = 3) than in residents. Total cortisol did not differ between the groups. In conclusion social stress clearly affected the adrenal axis of subordinate newcomer horses, lowering the binding capacity of CBG and raising free cortisol concentrations. However, no effect of stress could be detected when only total cortisol was measured. Therefore, to assess adrenal axis status accurately in horses, it is essential to monitor the binding capacity of CBG and free cortisol concentrations in addition to total cortisol levels. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1677/joe.0.1570425 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5844 | ||
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Author | Vetvik, H.; Grewal, H.M.S.; Haugen, I.L.; Åhrén, C.; Haneberg, B. | ||||
Title | Mucosal antibodies can be measured in air-dried samples of saliva and feces | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Immunological Methods | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 215 | Issue | 1–2 | Pages | 163-172 |
Keywords | Saliva; Feces; IgA; IgG; Air-drying | ||||
Abstract | IgA antibodies reflecting airways or intestinal mucosal immune responses can be found in saliva and feces, respectively, and IgG antibodies reflecting serum antibodies can be found in saliva. In this study, antibodies were detected in samples of saliva and feces which had been air-dried at room temperature (+20°C) or +37°C, and stored at these temperatures for up to 6 months. In saliva the antibody levels increased, while the antibodies in feces decreased upon storage. The individual IgA antibody concentrations which were adjusted by using the ratios of specific IgA/total IgA were relatively stable in both saliva and feces, and correlated with corresponding antibody levels in samples which had been stored at -20°C. The results indicate that air-dried saliva and feces can be used for semiquantitative measurements of mucosal antibodies, even after prolonged storage at high temperatures and lack of refrigeration. | ||||
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ISSN | 0022-1759 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5996 | ||
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Author | Daniel, J.C.; Mikulka, P.J. | ||||
Title | Discrimination learning in the white rhinoceros | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 58 | Issue | 1–2 | Pages | 197-202 |
Keywords | Rhinoceros; Learning | ||||
Abstract | This study examined the ability of two adult white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum) to develop a visual discrimination between an open circle and a triangle. These stimuli were presented as black symbols on large white cards. The cards were presented 4.6 m apart and a food reward was given if the subject approached the open circle. Ten discrimination choices were given daily until each subject reached the criterion of 80% correct responding over a block of 50 trials. The female reached the criterion over trials 151–200, while the male required considerably longer (trials 501–550). The male's discrimination was dramatically affected by a shift in the food reward. This study demonstrates that these rhinos were able to develop a successful discrimination and this protocol could be used to further examine their visual acuity. | ||||
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6145 | ||
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Author | Klingel, H. | ||||
Title | Observations on social organization and behaviour of African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci |
Volume | 60 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 103-113 |
Keywords | Equus africanus Equus hemionus Territoriality | ||||
Abstract | 1This paper appears with kind permission of Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg. It was originally published in Z. Tierpsychol., 44, 323-331 (1977), ISSN 0044-3573/ASTM-Coden: ZETIAG.1 Abstract African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) live in unstable groups or herds of variable composition. Some of the adult stallions are territorial in large territories in which they tolerate other ♂♂. The territorial ♂♂ are dominant over all their conspecifics |
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6173 | ||
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