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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Clayton, N.S.; Dickinson, A. doi  openurl
  Title Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6699 Pages 272-274  
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  Abstract The recollection of past experiences allows us to recall what a particular event was, and where and when it occurred1,2, a form of memory that is thought to be unique to humans3. It is known, however, that food-storing birds remember the spatial location4, 5, 6 and contents6, 7, 8, 9 of their caches. Furthermore, food-storing animals adapt their caching and recovery strategies to the perishability of food stores10, 11, 12, 13, which suggests that they are sensitive to temporal factors. Here we show that scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) remember 'when' food items are stored by allowing them to recover perishable 'wax worms' (wax-moth larvae) and non-perishable peanuts which they had previously cached in visuospatially distinct sites. Jays searched preferentially for fresh wax worms, their favoured food, when allowed to recover them shortly after caching. However, they rapidly learned to avoid searching for worms after a longer interval during which the worms had decayed. The recovery preference of jays demonstrates memory of where and when particular food items were cached, thereby fulfilling the behavioural criteria for episodic-like memory in non-human animals.  
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  Notes 10.1038/26216 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4788  
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Author Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; Franks, N.R.; Levin, S.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 433 Issue 7025 Pages 513-516  
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  Notes 10.1038/nature03236 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4827  
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Author Fehr, E.; Gachter, S. doi  openurl
  Title Altruistic punishment in humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 415 Issue 6868 Pages 137-140  
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  Abstract Human cooperation is an evolutionary puzzle. Unlike other creatures, people frequently cooperate with genetically unrelated strangers, often in large groups, with people they will never meet again, and when reputation gains are small or absent. These patterns of cooperation cannot be explained by the nepotistic motives associated with the evolutionary theory of kin selection and the selfish motives associated with signalling theory or the theory of reciprocal altruism. Here we show experimentally that the altruistic punishment of defectors is a key motive for the explanation of cooperation. Altruistic punishment means that individuals punish, although the punishment is costly for them and yields no material gain. We show that cooperation flourishes if altruistic punishment is possible, and breaks down if it is ruled out. The evidence indicates that negative emotions towards defectors are the proximate mechanism behind altruistic punishment. These results suggest that future study of the evolution of human cooperation should include a strong focus on explaining altruistic punishment.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4835  
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Author Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Punishment in animal societies Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 373 Issue 6511 Pages 209-216  
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  Abstract Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members that infringe their interests, and punishment can cause subordinates to desist from behaviour likely to reduce the fitness of dominant animals. Punishing strategies are used to establish and maintain dominance relationships, to discourage parasites and cheats, to discipline offspring or prospective sexual partners and to maintain cooperative behaviour.  
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  Notes 10.1038/373209a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4838  
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Author Packer, C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis Type Journal Article
  Year 1977 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 265 Issue Pages 441-445  
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  Notes 10.1038/265441a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4840  
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Author Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. url  doi
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  Title Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 355 Issue Pages 250-253  
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  Notes 10.1038/355250a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4842  
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Author Maynard Smith, J.; Price, G.R. url  doi
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  Title The Logic of Animal Conflict Type Journal Article
  Year 1973 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 246 Issue Pages 15-18  
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  Notes 10.1038/246015a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4844  
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Author Hamilton, W.D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Selfish and Spiteful Behaviour in an Evolutionary Model Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 228 Issue Pages 1218-1220  
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  Notes 10.1038/2281218a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4853  
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Author Reeve, H.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 358 Issue Pages 147-149  
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  Notes 10.1038/358147a0 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4921  
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Author Watts, D.J.; Strogatz, S.H. url  doi
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  Title Collective dynamics of /`small-world/' networks Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 393 Issue 6684 Pages 440-442  
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  Abstract Networks of coupled dynamical systems have been used to model biological oscillators Josephson junction arrays excitable media, neural networks spatial games11, genetic control networks12 and many other self-organizing systems. Ordinarily, the connection topology is assumed to be either completely regular or completely random. But many biological, technological and social networks lie somewhere between these two extremes. Here we explore simple models of networks that can be tuned through this middle ground: regular networks 'rewired' to introduce increasing amounts of disorder. We find that these systems can be highly clustered, like regular lattices, yet have small characteristic path lengths, like random graphs. We call them 'small-world' networks, by analogy with the small-world phenomenon (popularly known as six degrees of separation). The neural network of the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the power grid of the western United States, and the collaboration graph of film actors are shown to be small-world networks. Models of dynamical systems with small-world coupling display enhanced signal-propagation speed, computational power, and synchronizability. In particular, infectious diseases spread more easily in small-world networks than in regular lattices.  
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  Notes 10.1038/30918 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4989  
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