Records |
Author |
Holekamp, K.E.; Sakai, S.T.; Lundrigan, B.L. |
Title |
Social intelligence in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
Volume |
362 |
Issue |
1480 |
Pages |
523-538 |
Keywords |
Anatomy, Comparative; Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Cercopithecinae/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Decision Making/physiology; Hyaenidae/anatomy & histology/*physiology; *Intelligence; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
If the large brains and great intelligence characteristic of primates were favoured by selection pressures associated with life in complex societies, then cognitive abilities and nervous systems with primate-like attributes should have evolved convergently in non-primate mammals living in large, elaborate societies in which social dexterity enhances individual fitness. The societies of spotted hyenas are remarkably like those of cercopithecine primates with respect to size, structure and patterns of competition and cooperation. These similarities set an ideal stage for comparative analysis of social intelligence and nervous system organization. As in cercopithecine primates, spotted hyenas use multiple sensory modalities to recognize their kin and other conspecifics as individuals, they recognize third-party kin and rank relationships among their clan mates, and they use this knowledge adaptively during social decision making. However, hyenas appear to rely more intensively than primates on social facilitation and simple rules of thumb in social decision making. No evidence to date suggests that hyenas are capable of true imitation. Finally, it appears that the gross anatomy of the brain in spotted hyenas might resemble that in primates with respect to expansion of frontal cortex, presumed to be involved in the mediation of social behaviour. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. holekamp@msu.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
0962-8436 |
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Notes |
PMID:17289649 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4719 |
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Author |
Howard, R.W.; Blomquist, G.J. |
Title |
Ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of insect hydrocarbons |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu Rev Entomol |
Volume |
50 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
371-393 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Hydrocarbons/*metabolism; Insects/*physiology; Pheromones/*physiology; Reproduction; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
This review covers selected literature from 1982 to the present on some of the ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of hydrocarbon use by insects and other arthropods. Major ecological and behavioral topics are species- and gender-recognition, nestmate recognition, task-specific cues, dominance and fertility cues, chemical mimicry, and primer pheromones. Major biochemical topics include chain length regulation, mechanism of hydrocarbon formation, timing of hydrocarbon synthesis and transport, and biosynthesis of volatile hydrocarbon pheromones of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In addition, a section is devoted to future research needs in this rapidly growing area of science. |
Address |
USDA-ARS, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. howardks@ksu.edu |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0066-4170 |
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Notes |
PMID:15355247 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4650 |
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Author |
Barton, R.A. |
Title |
Neocortex size and behavioural ecology in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B |
Volume |
263 |
Issue |
1367 |
Pages |
173-177 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Cerebral Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; *Ecology; Evolution; Primates/anatomy & histology/*physiology/psychology; Regression Analysis; Species Specificity |
Abstract |
The neocortex is widely held to have been the focus of mammalian brain evolution, but what selection pressures explain the observed diversity in its size and structure? Among primates, comparative studies suggest that neocortical evolution is related to the cognitive demands of sociality, and here I confirm that neocortex size and social group size are positively correlated once phylogenetic associations and overall brain size are taken into account. This association holds within haplorhine but not strepsirhine primates. In addition, the neocortex is larger in diurnal than in nocturnal primates, and among diurnal haplorhines its size is positively correlated with the degree of frugivory. These ecological correlates reflect the diverse sensory-cognitive functions of the neocortex. |
Address |
Department of Anthropology, University of Durham |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0962-8452 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Notes |
PMID:8728982 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4783 |
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Author |
Reboreda, J.C.; Clayton, N.S.; Kacelnik, A. |
Title |
Species and sex differences in hippocampus size in parasitic and non-parasitic cowbirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Neuroreport |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neuroreport |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
505-508 |
Keywords |
Animals; Birds/*physiology; Female; Hippocampus/*anatomy & histology; Male; Nesting Behavior/*physiology; Sex Characteristics; Species Specificity; Telencephalon/anatomy & histology |
Abstract |
To test the hypothesis that selection for spatial abilities which require birds to locate and to return accurately to host nests has produced an enlarged hippocampus in brood parasites, three species of cowbird were compared. In shiny cowbirds, females search for host nests without the assistance of the male; in screaming cowbirds, males and females inspect hosts' nests together; in bay-winged cowbirds, neither sex searches because this species is not a brood parasite. As predicted, the two parasitic species had a relatively larger hippocampus than the non-parasitic species. There were no sex differences in relative hippocampus size in screaming or bay-winged cowbirds, but female shiny cowbirds had a larger hippocampus than the male. |
Address |
Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0959-4965 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:8730816 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4798 |
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Author |
Soproni, K.; Miklósi, Á.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
Title |
Dogs' (Canis familiaris) responsiveness to human pointing gestures |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
116 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-34 |
Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Gestures; Male; *Recognition (Psychology); Species Specificity |
Abstract |
In a series of 3 experiments, dogs (Canis familiaris) were presented with variations of the human pointing gesture: gestures with reversed direction of movement, cross-pointing, and different arm extensions. Dogs performed at above chance level if they could see the hand (and index finger) protruding from the human body contour. If these minimum requirements were not accessible, dogs still could rely on the body position of the signaler. The direction of movement of the pointing arm did not influence the performance. In summary, these observations suggest that dogs are able to rely on relatively novel gestural forms of the human communicative pointing gesture and that they are able to comprehend to some extent the referential nature of human pointing. |
Address |
Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary. krisztinasoproni@hotmail.com |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:11926681 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4962 |
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Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. |
Title |
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-343 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:11824896 |
Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4970 |
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Author |
Gosling, S.D. |
Title |
Personality dimensions in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
112 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
107-118 |
Keywords |
Animals; Carnivora/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Personality; Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Species Specificity; Temperament |
Abstract |
Personality ratings of 34 spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) were made by 4 observers who knew the animals well. Analyses suggest that (a) hyena personality traits were rated with generally high reliability; (b) 5 broad dimensions (Assertiveness, Excitability, Human-Directed Agreeableness, Sociability, and Curiosity) captured about 75% of the total variance; (c) this dimensional structure could not be explained in terms of dominance status, sex, age, or appearance; and (d) as expected, female hyenas were more assertive than male hyenas. Comparisons with previous research provide evidence for the cross-species generality of Excitability, Sociability, and especially Assertiveness. Discussion focuses on methodological issues in research on animal personality and on the potential contributions this research can make for understanding the biological and environmental bases of personality. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. samiam@uclink.berkeley.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:9642781 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5019 |
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Author |
Wallner, B.; Brem, G.; Muller, M.; Achmann, R. |
Title |
Fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome indicate clear divergence between Equus przewalskii and Equus caballus |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
453-456 |
Keywords |
Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Genetic Variation/*genetics; Horses/classification/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Probability; Species Specificity; Y Chromosome/*genetics |
Abstract |
The phylogenetic relationship between Equus przewalskii and E. caballus is often a matter of debate. Although these taxa have different chromosome numbers, they do not form monophyletic clades in a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA sequences. Here we report sequence variation from five newly identified Y chromosome regions of the horse. Two fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome clearly display Przewalski's horse and domestic horse as sister taxa. At both positions the Przewalski's horse haplotype shows the ancestral state, in common with the members of the zebra/ass lineage. We discuss the factors that may have led to the differences in mtDNA and Y-chromosomal observations. |
Address |
Institut fur Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien, Veterinarplatz, Wien, Austria. wallner@i122server.vu-wien.ac.at |
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English |
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ISSN |
0268-9146 |
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Notes |
PMID:14687077 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5038 |
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Author |
Lemasson, A.; Koda, H.; Kato, A.; Oyakawa, C.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Masataka, N. |
Title |
Influence of sound specificity and familiarity on Japanese macaques' (Macaca fuscata) auditory laterality |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain. Res. |
Volume |
208 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
286-289 |
Keywords |
Auditory processing; Hemispheric specialisation; Specificity; Familiarity; Head-turn paradigm; Macaque |
Abstract |
Despite attempts to generalise the left hemisphere-speech association of humans to animal communication, the debate remains open. More studies on primates are needed to explore the potential effects of sound specificity and familiarity. Familiar and non-familiar nonhuman primate contact calls, bird calls and non-biological sounds were broadcast to Japanese macaques. Macaques turned their heads preferentially towards the left (right hemisphere) when hearing conspecific or familiar primates supporting hemispheric specialisation. Our results support the role of experience in brain organisation and the importance of social factors to understand laterality evolution. |
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ISSN |
0166-4328 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5081 |
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Author |
Harland, M.M.; Stewart, A.J.; Marshall, A.E.; Belknap, E.B. |
Title |
Diagnosis of deafness in a horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Canadian Veterinary Journal. La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can Vet J |
Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
151-154 |
Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation/veterinary; Animals; Deafness/congenital/diagnosis/*veterinary; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/*physiology; Horse Diseases/congenital/*diagnosis; Horses; Male; Pigmentation/physiology; Sensitivity and Specificity |
Abstract |
Deafness was confirmed in a blue-eyed, 3-year-old, overo paint horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential. Congenital inherited deafness associated with lack of facial pigmentation was suspected. Assessment of hearing should be considered, especially in paint horses, at the time of pre-purchase examination. Brainstem auditory evoked potential assessment is well tolerated and accurate. |
Address |
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama, USA |
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0008-5286 |
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Notes |
PMID:16579041 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5680 |
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