Home | [1–10] << 11 12 13 14 >> |
Records | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Smith, W.J. | ||||
Title | Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 227-243 | ||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Summary In social communication, one animal signals and another responds. Several cognitive steps are involved as the second animal selects its responses; these steps can be described as follows in terms of an informational model. First, the responding individual must evaluate the information made available by the signaling on the basis of other information, available from sources contextual to the signal. Second, the respondent must fit all of the relevant information into patterns generated from recall of past events (conscious recall is not generally required; pattern fitting is a fundamental skill). Third, conditional predictions must be made; and fourth, the individual must test and modify any of these predictions for which significant consequences exist. Many vertebrate animals appear to respond to signaling with considerable flexibility. Communicative events are thus complex but are by no means intractable. Indeed, communication provides us with excellent opportunities to investigate animal cognition. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2914 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Beer, C.G. | ||||
Title | Varying Views of Animal and Human Cognition | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 435-456 | ||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Summary In this chapter I want to stand back from the splendid empirical work on animal cognitive capacities that is the focus of this book, and look at the broader context of cognitive concerns within which the work can be viewed. Indeed even the term `cognitive ethology' currently connotes and denotes more than is represented here, as other collections of articles, such as and , exemplify. I include the current descendants of behavioristic learning theory, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary psychology and the recent comparative turn that has been taken in cognitive science. These several approaches, despite their considerable overlap, often appear independent and even ignorant of one another. Like the proverbial blind men feeling the hide of an elephant, they touch hands from time to time, yet collectively have only a piecemeal and distributed understanding of the shape of the whole. Although each approach may indeed need the space to work out its own conceptual and methodological preoccupations without confounding interference from other views, a utopian spirit envisages an ultimate coming together, a more comprehensive realization of the synthetic approach to animal cognition that is this book's theme. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2915 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Kamil, A.C. | ||||
Title | On the Proper Definition of Cognitive Ethology | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-28 | ||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Summary The last 20-30 years have seen two `scientific revolutions' in the study of animal behavior: the cognitive revolution that originated in psychology, and the Darwinian, behavioral ecology revolution that originated in biology. Among psychologists, the cognitive revolution has had enormous impact. Similarly, among biologists, the Darwinian revolution has had enormous impact. The major theme of this chapter is that these two scientific research programs need to be combined into a single approach, simultaneously cognitive and Darwinian, and that this single approach is most appropriately called cognitive ethology. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4202 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Schwartz, E.B.; Granger, D.A.; Susman, E.J.; Gunnar, M.R.; Laird, B. | ||||
Title | Assessing Salivary Cortisol in Studies of Child Development | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Child Development | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 69 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1503-1513 |
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | In a series of studies, we evaluated the susceptibility of radioimmunoassays (RIA) for saliva cortisol to interference effects caused by oral stimulants used to facilitate saliva collection in studies with children. When added directly to saliva samples, oral stimulants (drink mix crystals) artificially inflated estimated cortisol concentrations. The magnitude of the interference effect was concentration-dependent and more pronounced for some stimulants and RIA procedures than for others. Analysis of samples collected using oral stimulants from child and adult participants confirmed stimulant interference as an extraneous source of variability in measured saliva cortisol. Associations between serum and saliva cortisol and between saliva cortisol and “behavioral” variables were attenuated by stimulant interference. A survey of six large child studies estimated interference effects, indexed by low sample pH, to be present in 14.7% of the 1,148 total saliva samples, or 2%-54% (M= 22%) of samples within each study. Recommendations to minimize the impact of stimluant interference in studies involving salivary cortisol in the context of child health and development are outlined. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1467-8624 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5562 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Müller-Wohlfahrt, H.W.; Kübler,U.; Müller- Wohlfahrt, H. W. | ||||
Title | Hundert Prozent fit und gesund. Das Geheimnis des gesunden Menschen. | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Heyne | Place of Publication | München | Editor | |
Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 9783453132733 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4446 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Potts, R. | ||||
Title | Variability selection in hominid evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Anthropol. |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 81-96 |
Keywords | variability selection; hominids; environment; adaptation; natural selection; evolution | ||||
Abstract | Variability selection (abbreviated as VS) is a process considered to link adaptive change to large degrees of environment variability. Its application to hominid evolution is based, in part, on the pronounced rise in environmental remodeling that took place over the past several million years. The VS hypothesis differs from prior views of hominid evolution, which stress the consistent selective effects associated with specific habitats or directional trends (e.g., woodland, savanna expansion, cooling). According to the VS hypothesis, wide fluctuations over time created a growing disparity in adaptive conditions. Inconsistency in selection eventually caused habitat-specific adaptations to be replaced by structures and behaviors responsive to complex environmental change. Key hominid adaptations, in fact, emerged during times of heightened variability. Early bipedality, encephalized brains, and complex human sociality appear to signify a sequence of VS adaptations—i.e., a ratcheting up of versatility and responsiveness to novel environments experienced over the past 6 million years. The adaptive results of VS cannot be extrapolated from selection within a single environmental shift or relatively stable habitat. If some complex traits indeed require disparities in adaptive setting (and relative fitness) in order to evolve, the VS idea counters the prevailing view that adaptive change necessitates long-term, directional consistency in selection. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1520-6505 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5461 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Nissen, J. | ||||
Title | Enzyklopädie der Pferderassen | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Kosmos | Place of Publication | Stuttgart | Editor | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6543 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
Title | Cognition, Evolution and Behaviour | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Description How do animals perceive the world, learn, remember, search for food or mates, and find their way around? Do any non-human animals count, imitate one another, use a language, or think as we do? What use is cognition in nature and how might it have evolved? Historically, research on such questions has been fragmented between psychology, where the emphasis has been on theoretical models and lab experiments, and biology, where studies focus on evolution and the adaptive use of perception, learning, and decision-making in the field. Cognition, Evolution and the Study of Behavior integrates research from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research about animal cognition in the broadest sense, from species-specific adaptations in fish to cognitive mapping in rats and honeybees to theories of mind for chimpanzees. As a major contribution to the emerging discipline of comparative cognition, the book is an invaluable resource for all students and researchers in psychology, zoology, behavioral neuroscience. It will also interest general readers curious about the details of how and why animals--including humans--process, retain, and use information as they do. Reviews “This book is a very comprehensive review of animal cognition. It differs from other texts on this topic in a number of ways, as outlined by Shettleworth in her preface and in the opening chapter. Essentially, Shettleworth wants to advocate an 'adaptationist or ecological approach to cognition'. In doing so, she brings together a wealth of data on animal cognition, studied from quite different theoretical viewpoints, such as cognitive ethology, animal learning theory, neuroscience, behavioural ecology and cognitive psychology. . . . Each chapter ends with a clear and useful summary, and helpful suggestions for further reading. The book's numerous illustrations, which are mostly tables or figures redrawn by Margaret Nelson, greatly add to its appeal. . . . [T]his is a marvellously rich, well-written and stimulating book. . . . I greatly enjoyed reading [and] recommend it highly to anyone interested in animal cognition, evolution and behaviour.”--Animal Behaviour “Sara Shettleworth has probably written the most comprehensive study of the animal mind ever and therefore a fundamental textbook on 'comparative cognition'. She first gets consciousness out of the way: whether an animal is conscious or not is impossible to determine, since consciousness is a private, subjective phenomenon. We can study cognition, and certainly cognition lends credibility to the idea that at least some animals must be at least to some degree conscious, but experiments can only prove facts about cognition. She reviews the field of cognitive ethology from the beginning and then analyzes the main cognitive tasks from an information-processing perspective By the end of her review of cognitive faculties, it become apparent that, at least among vertebrates, there are no significant differences in learning, except for language. All vertebrates are capable of 'associative' learning What no other vertebrate seems to be capable of is 'syntax'.” -- Piero Scaruffi, Thymos.com |
||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 9780195110487 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4712 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Yulk G. | ||||
Title | Leadership in organizations. | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Yulk G. 1998. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Leadership in Organizations focuses on effective leadership in organizations through both theory and practice. This book explains and critiques the major theories and studies that are most relevant and informative and reviews what we know about leadership effectiveness. This combination of theory and practice makes this text a useful resource for practicing managers who are looking for something more than superficial answers to difficult questions about leadership. |
||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Prentice-Hall | Place of Publication | Englewood Cliffs, NJ | Editor | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 978-0138142681 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4806 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Hopkins, W.D.; Parr, L.A. | ||||
Title | Lateralized behavior and lymphocyte counts in chimpanzees (pan troglodytes): A cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Developmental Neuropsychology | Abbreviated Journal | Developmental Neuropsychology |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 519-533 |
Keywords | |||||
Abstract | Cross?sectional and longitudinal assessment of lymphocyte count and behavioral laterality was examined in a sample of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to assess the validity of the Geschwind?Behan?Galaburda (GBG) theory of cerebral lateralization. For the cross?sectional analysis, chimpanzees classified as right?handed for feeding exhibited lower lymphocyte counts than chimpanzees classified as either ambiguously handed or left?handed. Longitudinal analysis indicated that some measures of laterality within the first 3 months of life predicted (a) direction of hand preference at 2 to 5 years of age and (b) lymphocyte counts for the first 3 years of life. The association between lymphocyte count and behavioral laterality was more evident in males than females. Taken together, the results support some aspects of the GBG theory. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Routledge | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 8756-5641 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | doi: 10.1080/87565649809540726 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5780 | ||
Permanent link to this record |