| Records |
| Author |
Nishida, T.; Hosaka K. |
| Title |
Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Great Ape Societies. |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
114-135 |
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Publisher  |
Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
Editor |
McGrew, W. C.; Marchant, L. F.; Nishida, T. |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5470 |
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| Author |
Lefebvre, L.; Giraldeau, L.-A. |
| Title |
Is social learning an adaptive specialisation? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: The root of culture |
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Issue |
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Pages |
107-128 |
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| Publisher |
Academic Press. |
Place of Publication |
San Diego |
Editor |
Heyes, C. M. ;B. G. Galef B. G..Jr. |
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ISBN |
978-0122739651 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4415 |
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| Author |
Heyes, C.; Galef, B.G. (eds) |
| Title |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1996 |
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Academic Press, Inc. |
Place of Publication |
San Diego, CA |
Editor |
Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G. |
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ISBN |
978-0122739651 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
Serial |
2174 |
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| Author |
Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E. |
| Title |
Primates “primacy” reconsidered |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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Issue |
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Pages |
65-84 |
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Academic Press, Inc. |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G. |
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Original Title |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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978-0122739651 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
Serial |
2175 |
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| Author |
Laland, K. N.; Richerson, P. J.; Boyd, R. |
| Title |
Developing a theory of animal social learning. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
129-154 |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
San Diego, California |
Editor |
Heyes, C. M.;Galef,B. G. J. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ home |
Serial |
4093 |
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| Author |
Tomasello, M. |
| Title |
Do apes ape? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Social learning in animals: the roots of culture |
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Issue |
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Pages |
319-346 |
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| Publisher |
Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
Heyes, C. M.; Galef, B.G. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5600 |
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| Author |
Macphail, E.M. |
| Title |
Cognitive function in mammals: the evolutionary perspective |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Brain research. Cognitive brain research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res |
| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
279-290 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology; Evolution; Humans; Learning/*physiology; Task Performance and Analysis |
| Abstract |
The work of behavioural pharmacologists has concentrated on small animals, such as rodents and pigeons. The validity of extrapolation of their findings to humans depends upon the existence of parallels in both physiology and psychology between these animals and humans. This paper considers the question whether there are in fact substantial cognitive parallels between, first, different non-human groups of vertebrates and, second, non-humans and humans. Behavioural data from 'simple' tasks, such as habituation and conditioning, do not point to species differences among vertebrates. Using examples that concentrate on the performance of rodents and birds, it is argued that, similarly, data from more complex tasks (learning-set formation, transitive inference, and spatial memory serve as examples) reveal few if any cognitive differences amongst non-human vertebrates. This conclusion supports the notion that association formation may be the critical problem-solving process available to non-human animals; associative mechanisms are assumed to have evolved to detect causal links between events, and would therefore be relevant in all ecological niches. In agreement with this view, recent advances in comparative neurology show striking parallels in functional organisation of mammalian and avian telencephalon. Finally, it is argued that although the peculiarly human capacity for language marks a large cognitive contrast between humans and non-humans, there is good evidence-in particular, from work on implicit learning--that the learning mechanisms available to non--humans are present and do play an important role in human cognition. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of York at Heslington, UK |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0926-6410 |
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| Notes |
PMID:8806029 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
603 |
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| Author |
Schwarzenberger, F.; Mostl, E.; Palme, R.; Bamberg, E. |
| Title |
Faecal steroid analysis for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in farm, wild and zoo animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Animal Reproduction Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Reproduction: Research and Practice |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
1-4 |
Pages |
515-526 |
| Keywords |
Faecal steroids; Non-invasive monitoring; Oestrogens; Progesterone metabolites; Reproductive hormones |
| Abstract |
Non-invasive faecal oestrogen and progesterone metabolite evaluations are well established approaches for monitoring reproductive function in a variety of mammalian species. The route of excretion of steroid hormone metabolites varies considerably among species, and also between steroids within the same species. Steroid concentrations in faeces exhibit a similar pattern to those in plasma, but have a lag time, which depending upon the species, can be from 12 h to more than 2 days. Faecal steroid metabolites in mammals are mainly unconjugated compounds. Faecal oestrogens consist predominantly of oestrone and/or oestradiol-17α or -17β. Therefore, specific oestrogen antibodies or antibodies against total oestrogens can be used for their determination. Progesterone is metabolised to several 5α- or 5β-reduced pregnanediones and hydroxylated pregnanes prior to its faecal excretion. Therefore, relevant antibodies for their determination show considerable cross-reactivities with several pregnane metabolites, whereas specific progesterone antibodies are less suitable. Faecal oestrogen evaluations have been used as reliable indicators of pregnancy in several ungulate and some primate species. They have also been used to determine the preovulatory period in carnivores, corpus luteum activity in New World primates, and to diagnose cryptorchidism in horses. Faecal progesterone metabolite analysis has been successfully used for monitoring corpus luteum function and pregnancy, abortion, seasonality and treatment therapies in an ever expanding list of species. |
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Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
327 |
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| Author |
Hogue, M.-E.; Beaugrand, J.P.; Lague, P.C. |
| Title |
Coherent use of information by hens observing their former dominant defeating or being defeated by a stranger |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
241-252 |
| Keywords |
Domestic fowl; Dominance; Hierarchy formation; Observation; Transitive inference |
| Abstract |
This study examines the role of observation during the formation of triads in female domestic hens. Results indicate that during hierarchy formation, a hen observing agonistic interactions and conflict settlement between its former dominant and a stranger uses this information when in turn confronted by the latter. Under a first condition (E, N = 15 triads), bystanders witnessed their prior dominant being defeated by a stranger before being introduced to them. In a second condition (C1, N = 16 triads), bystanders witnessed the victory of their prior dominant over a stranger. In a third condition (C2, N = 15 triads), bystanders witnessed two strangers establishing a dominance relationship before being introduced to their prior dominant and to a stranger the former had just defeated. The behavioural strategies of bystanders depended on the issue of the conflict they had witnessed. Bystanders of the E condition behaved as having no chance of defeating the stranger. They never initiated an attack against it, and upon being attacked, readily submitted in turn to the stranger. On the contrary, bystanders of the C1 condition behaved as having some chances against the stranger. They initiated attacks in 50% of cases, and won 50% of conflicts against the stranger. Under condition C2, bystanders first initiated contact with the strangers in only 27% of cases, which approximates the average of their chances for defeating the stranger. However, bystanders finally defeated the strangers in 40% of cases. These results suggest that bystanders of conditions E and C1 gained some information on the relationship existing between their prior dominant and the stranger and that they used it coherently, perhaps through transitive inference, thus contributing to the existence of transitive relationships within the triads. Alternate explanations are examined. |
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Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
396 |
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| Author |
Worden, R.P. |
| Title |
Primate social intelligence |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Cognitive Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
579-616 |
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| Abstract |
A computational theory of primate social intelligence is proposed in which primates represent social situations internally by discrete symbol structures, called scripts. Three well-defined computational operations on scripts are sufficient to support social learning, planning, and prediction. This gives a formal, predictive model with which to analyse how primate social knowledge is acquired, as well as how it is used. The theory is compared with primate data, such as Cheney and Seyfarth's observations of vervet monkeys. It gives simple, understandable script-based analyses of many observed phenomena--such as the recognition and use of kin relations, learning of alarm calls, habituation to calls, knowledge of rank, tactical deception, and attachment behaviour. I argue that a tight, concise theory of social cognition, such as script theory, is needed to explain the rapid learning and social guile seen in primates. It also has the benefits of simplicity and testability. The extension of scripts to incorporate a primate theory of mind is described in a subsequent paper. |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
407 |
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