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Author |
Clutton-Brock, Juliet. |
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Title |
Domesticated animals from early times |
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1981 |
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Univ of Texas Press |
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Austin |
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9780292715325 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4088 |
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Author |
Wittenberger, James F. |
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Title |
Animal Social Behavior |
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1981 |
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Duxbury Press |
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Boston |
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978-0878722952 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4262 |
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Author |
Mace, G.M.; Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H. |
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Title |
Brain size and ecology in small mammals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zool |
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Volume |
193 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
333-354 |
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Abstract |
Relative brain size (measured as gross brain size after body size effects are removed) differs systematically between families of rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs. The Sciuridae have the largest relative brain size, the Soricidae and Bathyergidae the smallest. These results are discussed and compared with previous analyses of relative brain sizes among primates and bats. These differences complicate comparisons between relative brain size across phylogenetically diverse species and attempts to relate differences in relative brain size to ecological variables. To overcome these problems, best fit relationships were estimated for each family, and values for each genus were expressed as deviations from the lines of best fit. We refer to these values as Comparative Brain Size (CBS). Differences in CBS are related to differences in habitat type (forest-dwelling genera have larger CBS' than grassland forms), in diet (folivores have smaller CBS' than generalists or insectivores, frugivores and granivores), in zonation (arboreal genera have larger CBS' than terrestrial ones) and in activity timing (nocturnal genera have larger CBS' than dirurnal ones). However, these ecological categories are interrelated and, when the effects of other ecological differences are taken into account using analyses of variance, only the differences associated with diet, and possibly habitat remain. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1469-7998 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5455 |
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Author |
R. A. J. Taylor |
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Title |
The Behavioural Basis of Redistribution I. The Delta -Model Concept |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
The Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
573-586 |
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(1) A conceptual model is developed in which spatial behaviour is density-dependent. The behaviour is classified as congregatory or migratory according to whether it results in movement towards or away from population concentrations. (2) Spatial behaviour is shown to result from both individual and population interactions. (3) The stability properties of the model are explored and it is shown how, under particular conditions, populations obeying the model have a population density regulating mechanism. (4) The similarity between the model and the potential energy curve of physics is noted, but it is emphasized that this is a behavioural not a physical model. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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720 |
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Author |
Bannikov Ag, |
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Title |
Kulan Moskau |
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1981 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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921 |
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Author |
Gingerich Pd, |
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Title |
Variation, sexual dimorphism, and social structure in the early Eocene horse Hyracotherium |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Paleobiol |
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443-455 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1110 |
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Author |
Kaseda Y, |
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Title |
The structure of the groups of Misaki horses in Toi Cape |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Jpn. J Zootech Sci |
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52 |
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227-235 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1233 |
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Author |
Rubenstein Di, |
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Title |
Behavioural ecology of island feral horeses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Equine. Vet. J. |
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13 |
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27-34 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1524 |
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Author |
SchäFer M, |
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Title |
Beobachtungen zum interspezifischen Aggressionsverhalten eines Halbeselhybrid |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Säugetierk Mitt |
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29 |
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49-58 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1560 |
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Author |
Partridge, B.L. |
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Title |
Internal dynamics and the interrelations of fish in schools |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Sensory Neural Behav Physiol |
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144 |
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3 |
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313-325 |
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The three-dimensional structure of schools of saithe (Pollachius virens) and the interactions between individuals over time were analyzed in 12,240 frames of videotape sampled at 2.7 Hz. Time series analyses of the interactions between identified individuals allowed testing of assumptions of anonymity vs. leadership in schools and investigation of the transfer of information between individuals by which collective decisions are made. Results include the following:1.Saithe match changes in both swimming direction and speed of their neighbors but correlations are greater for swimming speed. Average speed of the school does not greatly affect correlations between neighboring fish although the reaction latencies may be somewhat increased. As shown previously (Partridge et al. 1980) nearest neighbor distance (NND) decreases with increasing school velocity.2.Saithe simultaneously match the headings and swimming speeds of at least their first two nearest neighbors within the school (NN1 and NN2). Partialling out the correlation between a fish's neighbors demonstrates that a fish's correlation to his second nearest neighbor (NN2) is not simply a transitive function of mutual correlation between the NN1 and NN2.3.Several sources of individual variation in schooling performance were examined. In all respects except one, that of preferred positions within the school, saithe showed no individual differences, i.e., some were not “better schoolers” than others. Although fish in the school differed in length by up to a factor of 2.5, no size related effects in NND or nearest neighbor positioning were found.4.Single Linkage Cluster Analysis (SLCA) of the cross-correlations of fishs' swimming speeds and directions demonstrated quantitatively the existence of subgroups within schools if they contain more than 10-11 members. Subgroups acting more-or-less independently in terms of short term variations in speed and direction nonetheless remained within the school as a whole and were not often apparent to observers since members of one group interdigitated with those of another. How individuals know to which subgroup they belong remains unanswered. |
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2063 |
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