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| Author | Call, J.; Tomasello, M. | ||||
| Title | Use of social information in the problem solving of orangutans (<em>Pongo pygmaeus</em>) and human children (<em>Homo sapiens</em>) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 308-320 |
| Keywords | cross species imitative learning in problem solving, human 3–4 yr olds vs orangutans | ||||
| Abstract | Fourteen juvenile and adult orangutans and 24 3- and 4-yr-old children participated in 4 studies on imitative learning in a problem-solving situation. In all studies a simple to operate apparatus was used, but its internal mechanism was hidden from subjects to prevent individual learning. In the 1st study, orangutans observed a human demonstrator perform 1 of 4 actions on the apparatus and obtain a reward; they subsequently showed no signs of imitative learning. Similar results were obtained in a 2nd study in which orangutan demonstrators were used. Similar results were also obtained in a 3rd study in which a human encouraged imitation from an orangutan that had previously been taught to mimic arbitrary human actions. In a 4th study, human 3- and 4-yr-old children learned the task by means of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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US: American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1939-2087 (Electronic); 0735-7036 (Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1995-42883-001 | Serial | 5448 | ||
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| Author | Maddock, L. | ||||
| Title | The “migration” and grazing succession | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Editorial Reviews Book Description Originally published in 1979, Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem was immediately recognized as the first synthesis of the patterns and processes of a major ecosystem. A prototype for initial studies, Serengeti contains baseline data for further and comparative studies of ecosystems. The new Serengeti II builds on the information presented originally in Serengeti; both books together offer essential information and insights for ecology and conservation biology. |
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University Of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Sinclair, A.R.E. ; Norton-Griffiths, A.R.E. |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226760292 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2343 | ||
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| Author | Boissy, A. | ||||
| Title | Fear and Fearfulness in Animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Quarterly Review of Biology | Abbreviated Journal | The Quarterly Review of Biology |
| Volume | 70 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 165-191 |
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| Abstract | Persistence of individual differences in animal behavior in reactions to various environmental challenges could reflect basic divergences in temperament, which might be used to predict details of adaptive response. Although studies have been carried out on fear and anxiety in various species, including laboratory, domestic and wild animals, no consistent definition of fearfulness as a basic trait of temperament has emerged. After a classification of the events that may produce a state of fear, this article describes the great variability in behavior and in physiological patterns generally associated with emotional reactivity. The difficulties of proposing fearfulness-the general capacity to react to a variety of potentially threatening situations-as a valid basic internal variable are then discussed. Although there are many studies showing covariation among the psychobiological responses to different environmental challenges, other studies find no such correlations and raise doubts about the interpretation of fearfulness as a basic personality trait. After a critical assessment of methodologies used in fear and anxiety studies, it is suggested that discrepancies among results are mainly due to the modulation of emotional responses in animals, which depend on numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. It is difficult to compare results obtained by different methods from animals reared under various conditions and with different genetic origins. The concept of fearfulness as an inner trait is best supported by two kinds of investigations. First, an experimental approach combining ethology and experimental psychology produces undeniable indicators of emotional reactivity. Second, genetic lines selected for psychobiological traits prove useful in establishing between behavioral and neuroendocrine aspects of emotional reactivity. It is suggested that fearfulness could be considered a basic feature of the temperament of each individual, one that predisposes it to respond similarly to a variety of potentially alarming challenges, but is nevertheless continually modulated during development by the interaction of genetic traits of reactivity with environmental factors, particularly in the juvenile period. Such interaction may explain much of the interindividual variability observed in adaptive responses. | ||||
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The University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0033-5770 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1086/418981 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6664 | ||
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| Author | Prins, H.H. | ||||
| Title | Ecology and Behaviour of the African Buffalo: Social Inequality and Decision Making | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | What are the benefits that animals gain from living in a social group? This question has been the primary focus of the author's ecological interest. After many years of original and innovative research on the African buffalo, particularly at Lake Manyara in northern Tanzania, Herbert Prins has now summarized the results of much of this widely-respected work in this fascinating book. While advantages in reduction of the risks of predation or in increased efficiency of foraging on certain types of resources are now widely recognized, until now there has been less attention paid to the idea of the animals themselves as `information centres' and the extent to which the individual may be able to make use of information gathered by conspecifics, adjusting its own behaviour in response. Such a case-study has wide implications for research on social structure and organization in other species, and these are explored within the book. However, it is not a book aimed simply at the academic researcher, zoologist and behavioural ecologist; since it is written in a readable and accessible style, the book will also be enjoyed by wildlife enthusiasts, interested naturalists, wildlife biologists and wildlife managers. | ||||
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Springer Netherland | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0412725203 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5142 | ||
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| Author | Figueredo, A.J.; Cox, R.L.; Rhine, R.J. | ||||
| Title | A Generalizability Analysis of Subjective Personality Assessments in the Stumptail Macaque and the Zebra Finch | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Multivariate Behavioral Research | Abbreviated Journal | Multivariate Behav Res |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 167-197 |
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| Abstract | Psychometric findings are reported from two studies concerning the construct validity, temporal stability, and interrater reliability of the latent common factors underlying subjective assessments by human raters of personality traits in two nonhuman animal species: (a) the Stumptail macaque (Maraca arctoides), a cercopithecine monkey; and (b) the Zebra finch (Poephila guttata), an estrildid songbird. Because most theories of animal personality have historically implied that certain personality constructs should be relatively universal across taxa, parallel analyses of similar data are reported for two phylogenetically distant species of subject using the same psychometric methods. Each of the samples was drawn from a socially-housed colony of the same species: that of macaques consisted of 5 mature adult fem ales and 8 of their adult offspring and that of finches consisted of 5 adult individuals. A modified version of the 1978 Stevenson-Hinde and Zunz (SHZ) list of personality items was applied to the macaques at various times during the eight years from 1980-1988 and to the finches during 1992. This study also used the three SHZ scales – Confident, Excitable, and Sociable – originally derived from principal components. Generalizability analyses were used to assess the construct validity, temporal stability, and interrater reliability of the hypothesized factors. Both Stumptail macaques and Zebra finches manifest measurable personality factors that are highly valid across multiple items, stable across multiple years, and reliable across multiple raters. The same model fits both species, as predicted by theory. The construct validity of the factors is slightly higher for the finches than for the macaques, although the interrater reliability is somewhat lower. This study illustrates how generalizability analysis can be used to test prespecified confirmatory factor models when the number of individual subjects is quite small. | ||||
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Psychology Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0027-3171 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5169 | ||
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| Author | Houpt, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Learning in horses. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The thinking horse. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 12-17 | ||
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Equine Research Centre | Place of Publication | Guelph, Canada | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3585 | ||
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| Author | Clutton-Brock, J. | ||||
| Title | Origins of the dog: domestication and early history | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Serpell, J.A. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Clutton-Brock1995 | Serial | 6247 | ||
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| Author | Russon, A.E.; Galdikas, B.M.F. | ||||
| Title | Constraints on great apes' imitation: Model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 109 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 5-17 |
| Keywords | *Imitation (Learning); Primates (Nonhuman) | ||||
| Abstract | We discuss selectivity in great ape imitation, on the basis of an observational study of spontaneous imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Research on great ape imitation has neglected selectivity, although comparative evidence suggests it may be important. We observed orangutans in central Indonesian Borneo and assessed patterns in the models and actions they spontaneously imitated. The patterns we found resembled those reported in humans. Orangutans preferred models with whom they had positive affective relationships (e.g., important caregiver or older sibling) and actions that reflected their current competence, were receptively familiar, and were relevant to tasks that faced them. Both developmental and individual variability were found. We discuss the probable functions of imitation for great apes and the role of selectivity in directing it. We also make suggestions for more effective elicitation of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Us | Editor | |
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| ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1995-20268-001 | Serial | 5690 | ||
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| Author | McGreevy, P.D.; French, N.P.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | The prevalence of abnormal behaviours in dressage, eventing and endurance horses in relation to stabling | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | The Veterinary record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 137 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 36-37 |
| Keywords | Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/*psychology; Horses; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Prevalence; Questionnaires; *Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | The behaviour of horses competing in different disciplines was studied and the relationship between the time they spent out of the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined. The owners of dressage, eventing and endurance horses were sent a questionnaire and a total of 1101 responses were received, giving data on 1750 horses. The behaviours studied were wood-chewing, weaving, crib-biting/wind-sucking and box-walking. The reported percentage prevalences of abnormal behaviour for the dressage, eventing and endurance horses were 32.5, 30.8 and 19.5, respectively. The relationship between the time spent in the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined by chi 2 tests which showed that there were significant linear trends for the eventing group (P < 0.001) and the dressage group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the time a horse spends out of the stable is related to the discipline for which it is being trained and in dressage and eventing horses the time spent in a stable is correlated with an increased risk of abnormal behaviour. | ||||
| Address | University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8525580 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 89 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
| Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
| Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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