Records |
Author |
Moeller, B.A.; McCall, C.A.; Silverman, S.J.; McElhenney, W.H. |
Title |
Estimation of Saliva Production in Crib-Biting and Normal Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
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Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
85-90 |
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Abstract |
Increasing saliva flow to buffer the stomach has been hypothesized as a basis for crib-biting in horses. Saliva amounts in seven cribbing and seven noncribbing (control) horses were compared either pre- and post-cribbing or at pre- and post-5-minute intervals for controls. A pre-weighed cellulose sponge was used to collect saliva at the exit of the submandibular gland for 30 seconds, then reweighed. Data were analyzed as repeated measures. Mean saliva weight overall was similar between cribbing and control horses (1.2 and 1.5 g, respectively, SE = 0.2). However, mean saliva weight for pre- and post-samples (1.5 and 1.2 g, respectively, SE = 0.06) for all horses was significantly lower (P < .05) in the post-sample, indicating a drying effect of the sponge. Because of a strong tendency (P < .06) for a treatment-by-sampling time interaction, data were analyzed by sampling time and cribbing status. Mean saliva weights in the pre-sample were 0.43 g higher (P < .03) in control than cribbing horses. Control horses showed a 0.38 g decrease (P < .01) in saliva weight between pre- and post-samples, which was not evident in cribbing horses. To determine whether cribbing offset the saliva decrease seen in control horses, nine cribbing horses were sampled as before but prevented from cribbing between samples. A similar reduction (0.39 g, P < .01) in saliva weights between samples with cribbing allowed versus cribbing prevented was seen in these horses as was seen in control horses in the initial study. Because cribbing does produce saliva, gastrointestinal irritation could be a motivating cause for cribbing. |
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doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.01.006 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5835 |
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Author |
Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. |
Title |
Dominance and leadership: Useful concepts in human-horse interactions? |
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Journal Article |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to sub-optimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horses? natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse?s social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. |
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Elsevier |
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0737-0806 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.01.015 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6048 |
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Author |
Harewood, E.J.; McGowan, C.M. |
Title |
Behavioral and physiological responses to stabling in naive horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume |
25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
164-170 |
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of horses to confinement and isolation in a stable (indoor individual housing) for the first time using behavioral indices, heart rate, and salivary cortisol concentration. Six naive 2-year-old Australian Stock Horse fillies were examined at 4-hour intervals over 24 hours in an outdoor group paddock followed by 24 hours in indoor individual housing. Behavioral observations and scores and heart rates were recorded and saliva samples were taken at each interval. During stabling, all horses became agitated and demonstrated increased vocalization and movement. Behavioral scores were significantly higher in the indoor individual housing (P < .001). No significant difference in heart rates between the two environments was detected. Mean salivary cortisol did not increase significantly (2 ng/mL ± 1.4 ng/mL in outdoor group paddock vs 2.5 mL ± 1.2 ng/mL in indoor individual housing). No diurnal rhythm in salivary cortisol was evident in either the outdoor group paddock or indoor individual housing. The results of this study highlight that a combination of behavioral and physiological measures allow better understanding of stress, where one measurement may be misleading. First time stabling of horses elicited marked behavioral responses indicative of stress that were not reflected in increased heart rates or salivary cortisol concentrations. The lack of a diurnal cortisol rhythm and the comparatively high basal cortisol concentrations found in the outdoor group paddock environment may imply that the fillies were already stressed; therefore, stabling did not cause further aberrations detectable by salivary cortisol analysis. |
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Elsevier |
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0737-0806 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2005.03.008 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6137 |
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Author |
Kirkpatrick, J. F.; Turner, J. W. |
Title |
Seasonal ovarian function in feral mares: seasonal patterns of LH, progestins and estrogens in feral mares |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume |
3 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
113-118 |
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Blood was collected every 3 days for 13 months from 4 captured [female][female] of proven fertility kept adjacent to a teaser stallion. Basal plasma LH level was greater during Apr.-July (8.1+or-0.5 ng/ml) than during Nov.-Jan. (2.2+or-0.2). A total for 21 LH peaks occurred between 13 Apr. and 31 Aug. among the 4 [female][female]; many peaks exceeded 20 times the basal level, and there was a trend to a higher LH level with each succeeding peak. On all occasions except one, LH peaks were associated with progesterone levels of 0.5 ng/ml and with increases of oestrogen (peak average 43.1+or-12.1 pg/ml). Basal progesterone level during Apr.-July (1.5+or-1.2 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from that during Oct.-Jan. (1.1+or-0.7), nor did basal oestrogen level differ significantly between those 2 periods (8.4+or-3.2 and 12.9+or-4.6 pg/ml resp.). Behavioural oestrus always occurred with LH and oestrogen peaks during Apr.-July. However, behavioural oestrus was occasionally observed during Aug.-Oct., when LH peaks no longer occurred. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2325 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.; Marrow, M.; Seeliger, M. |
Title |
A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
691-737 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1988 |
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Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W. Jr |
Title |
Comparative reproductive biology of North American feral horses |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
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6 |
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224-230 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2326 |
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Author |
Hanggi, E.B. |
Title |
Interocular transfer of learning In horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Equine Vet Sci |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
518-524 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3564 |
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Author |
McBride, S.D.; Hemmings, A.; Robinson, K. |
Title |
A preliminary study on the effect of massage to reduce stress in the horse |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
76-81 |
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The use of massage (as a potential form of acupressure) has long been documented as a human relaxation aid. However, little scientific research has been carried out into its potential use as a form of stress reduction in the horse. This preliminary study investigated the effect of massage at six different sites (thoracic trapezius [withers], mid-brachiocephalicus, cervical ventral serrate and cervical trapezius [mid-neck], proximal gluteal fascia and proximal superficial gluteal [croup], proximal and mid-semitendinosus [second thigh], lateral triceps, proximal extensor carpi radialis and proximal common digital extensor [forearm], proximal brachiocephalicus, proximal splenius and ear [poll and ears) on stress-related behavioral and physiological (heart rate [HR]) measures in the horse. Ten riding school ponies/horses were massaged at each of the six sites (three preferred and three nonpreferred sites of allogrooming (mutual grooming between conspecifics) and changes in HR and behavior were recorded. The results indicated that during massage, all sites except the forearm resulted in a significant reduction in HR (P < .05) with massage at the withers, mid-neck, and croup having the greatest effect (preferred sites of allogrooming). Massage at preferred sites of allogrooming also elicited significantly more (P < .05) positive behavioral responses compared with the three nonpreferred sites. The practical implications of this study are discussed. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3617 |
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Author |
Miller, R.M. |
Title |
How the dominance hierarchy is determined: The body language of the horse |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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15 |
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12 |
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514-515 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4306 |
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Author |
Miller, R.M. |
Title |
How we can quickly assume the role of horse herd leader: Making horses compliant and willing subjects |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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16 |
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1 |
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4-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4329 |
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