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Author Warneken, F.; Tomasello, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 311 Issue 5765 Pages 1301-1303  
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  Abstract Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5607  
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Author Bartal, I.B.-A.; Decety, J.; Mason, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 334 Issue 6061 Pages 1427-1430  
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  Abstract Whereas human pro-social behavior is often driven by empathic concern for another, it is unclear whether nonprimate mammals experience a similar motivational state. To test for empathically motivated pro-social behavior in rodents, we placed a free rat in an arena with a cagemate trapped in a restrainer. After several sessions, the free rat learned to intentionally and quickly open the restrainer and free the cagemate. Rats did not open empty or object-containing restrainers. They freed cagemates even when social contact was prevented. When liberating a cagemate was pitted against chocolate contained within a second restrainer, rats opened both restrainers and typically shared the chocolate. Thus, rats behave pro-socially in response to a conspecific�s distress, providing strong evidence for biological roots of empathically motivated helping behavior.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1210789 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5725  
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Author Gaunitz, C.; Fages, A.; Hanghøj, K.; Albrechtsen, A.; Khan, N.; Schubert, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Owens, I.J.; Felkel, S.; Bignon-Lau, O.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Mittnik, A.; Mohaseb, A.F.; Davoudi, H.; Alquraishi, S.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.; Crubézy, E.; Benecke, N.; Olsen, S.; Brown, D.; Anthony, D.; Massy, K.; Pitulko, V.; Kasparov, A.; Brem, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Mukhtarova, G.; Baimukhanov, N.; Lõugas, L.; Onar, V.; Stockhammer, P.W.; Krause, J.; Boldgiv, B.; Undrakhbold, S.; Erdenebaatar, D.; Lepetz, S.; Mashkour, M.; Ludwig, A.; Wallner, B.; Merz, V.; Merz, I.; Zaibert, V.; Willerslev, E.; Librado, P.; Outram, A.K.; Orlando, L. doi  openurl
  Title Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 360 Issue 6384 Pages 111-114  
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  Abstract The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5,500 ya, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient and modern horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4,000 ya to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 6212  
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Author John, E.R.; Chesler, P.; Bartlett, F.; Victor, I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Observation Learning in Cats Type Journal Article
  Year 1968 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 159 Issue 3822 Pages 1489-1491  
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  Abstract In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6422  
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Author Ripple, W.J.; Estes, J.A.; Beschta, R.L.; Wilmers, C.C.; Ritchie, E.G.; Hebblewhite, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 343 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2014 Serial 6445  
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Author Chapron, G.; Kaczensky, P.; Linnell, J.D.C.; Arx, M.; Huber, D.; Andrén, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 346 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Chapron2014 Serial 6451  
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Author Zajonc, R.B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social Facilitation Type Journal Article
  Year 1965 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 149 Issue 3681 Pages 269-274  
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  Abstract 300 Multiple ChoicesThis is a pdf-only article and there is no markup to show you.full-text.pdf  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6565  
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Author Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; Zaibert, V.; Thorpe, N.; Evershed, R.P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication (down) Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 323 Issue 5919 Pages 1332-1335  
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  Abstract Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using δ13C and δD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6620  
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Author Rapin, V.; Poncet, P.A.; Burger, D.; Mermod, C.; Richard, M.A. doi  openurl
  Title [Measurement of the attention time in the horse] Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication (down) Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde Abbreviated Journal Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd  
  Volume 149 Issue 2 Pages 77-83  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animals; *Attention/physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Horses/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Memory/*physiology; Time Factors  
  Abstract A study carried out on 49 horses showed that it is possible to measure the attention time by operant conditioning. After teaching horses an instrumental task using a signal, we were then able to test their attention time by asking them to prolong it increasingly while setting success and failure criteria. Two tests were performed 3 weeks apart. The 2nd test was feasible without relearning, a proof of memory, and was repeatable, a proof of consistency in the attention time. A significant difference was observed between the 3 age groups. Young horses often performed very well during the 1st test but their attention dropped in the 2nd test while older horses were more stable with respect to attention and even increased it slightly. The study shows that there are individual differences but it was not possible to prove a significant influence of breed, gender and paternal influence. Consequently, learning appears to be one of the most interesting approaches for evaluating the attention of horses and for observing their behaviour.  
  Address Laboratoire d'Ecoethologie, Universite de Neuchatel, Suisse. veronique.rapin@unine.ch  
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  Language French Summary Language Original Title Mesure de la duree d'attention chez le cheval  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-7281 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17343134 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1770  
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Author Parisi, D.R.; Soria, S.A.; Josens, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Faster-is-slower effect in escaping ants revisited: Ants do not behave like humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication (down) Safety Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue Pages 274-282  
  Keywords Emergency; Evacuation; Egress; Ant egress; Crowd egress; Faster is slower; Pedestrian evacuation; Pedestrian dynamics  
  Abstract In this work we studied the trajectories, velocities and densities of ants when egressing under controlled levels of stress produced by a chemical repellent at different concentrations. We found that, unlike other animals escaping under life-and-death conditions and pedestrian simulations, ants do not produce a higher density zone near the exit door. Instead, ants are uniformly distributed over the available space allowing for efficient evacuations. Consequently, the faster-is-slower effect observed in ants (Soria et al., 2012) is clearly of a different nature to that predicted by de social force model. In the case of ants, the minimum evacuation time is correlated with the lower probability of taking backward steps. Thus, as biological model ants have important differences that make their use inadvisable for the design of human facilities.  
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  ISSN 0925-7535 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6161  
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