| Records |
| Author |
Stamps, J.A. |
| Title |
Growth-mortality tradeoffs and 'personality traits' in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication  |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Lett |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
355-363 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Growth; *Mortality; *Personality |
| Abstract |
Consistent individual differences in boldness, reactivity, aggressiveness, and other 'personality traits' in animals are stable within individuals but vary across individuals, for reasons which are currently obscure. Here, I suggest that consistent individual differences in growth rates encourage consistent individual differences in behavior patterns that contribute to growth-mortality tradeoffs. This hypothesis predicts that behavior patterns that increase both growth and mortality rates (e.g. foraging under predation risk, aggressive defense of feeding territories) will be positively correlated with one another across individuals, that selection for high growth rates will increase mean levels of potentially risky behavior across populations, and that within populations, faster-growing individuals will take more risks in foraging contexts than slower-growing individuals. Tentative empirical support for these predictions suggests that a growth-mortality perspective may help explain some of the consistent individual differences in behavioral traits that have been reported in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals with indeterminate growth. |
| Address |
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jastamps@ucdavis.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1461-0248 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:17498134 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4100 |
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| Author |
Hoff, M.P.; Nadler, R.D.; Maple, T.L. |
| Title |
Development of infant independence in a captive group of lowland gorillas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Developmental Psychobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dev Psychobiol |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
251-265 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Dependency (Psychology); Female; Gorilla gorilla/*growth & development; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Personality; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Weaning |
| Abstract |
In March 1976, 3 lowlands gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) were born to primiparous females living with an adult male in a large compound at the field station of the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center of Emory University. Observations of parent and infant behavior began at the birth of the infants, using several methods of data collection. This report focuses on the development of independence in these infants over the 1st 1 1/2 years of life. As expected, measures of mother-infant contact and proximity decreased with age. Several measures suggested that infant independence developed as an interactive process between mothers and infants, with primary responsibility changing over the months of study. Maternal behaviors that served to maintain mother-infant contact were found to decrease with age, with an eventual shift to infant responsibility for contact maintenance. Additionally, the adult male appeared to influence developing independence as reflected in the maternal protectiveness evoked by his behavior. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0012-1630 |
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| Notes |
PMID:7262467 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4170 |
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| Author |
Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Nowak, C.; Szentiks, C.A.; Krone, O.; Ansorge, H.; Mueller, T. |
| Title |
Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservation Letters |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e12635 |
| Keywords |
Canis lupus; large carnivores; population growth; protected areas; recolonization |
| Abstract |
Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) are currently showing a remarkable comeback in the highly fragmented cultural landscapes of Germany. We here show that wolf numbers increased exponentially between 2000 and 2015 with an annual increase of about 36%. We demonstrate that the first territories in each newly colonized region were established over long distances from the nearest known reproducing pack on active military training areas (MTAs). We show that MTAs, rather than protected areas, served as stepping-stones for the recolonization of Germany facilitating subsequent spreading of wolf territories in the surrounding landscape. We did not find any significant difference between MTAs and protected areas with regard to habitat. One possible reason for the importance of MTAs may be their lower anthropogenic mortality rates compared to protected and other areas. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case where MTAs facilitate the recolonization of an endangered species across large areas. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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| ISSN |
1755-263x |
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| Notes |
https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12635 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6676 |
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| Author |
Dauphin, G.; Zientara, S.; Zeller, H.; Murgue, B. |
| Title |
West Nile: worldwide current situation in animals and humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
343-355 |
| Keywords |
Americas/epidemiology; Animals; Birds/virology; Culex/*virology; *Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Europe/epidemiology; Horses/virology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*virology; Middle East/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*veterinary/virology; West Nile virus/*growth & development |
| Abstract |
West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is native to Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. It mainly circulates among birds, but can infect many species of mammals, as well as amphibians and reptiles. Epidemics can occur in rural as well as urban areas. Transmission of WN virus, sometimes involving significant mortality in humans and horses, has been documented at erratic intervals in many countries, but never in the New World until it appeared in New York City in 1999. During the next four summers it spread with incredible speed to large portions of 46 US states, and to Canada, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. In many respects, WN virus is an outstanding example of a zoonotic pathogen that has leaped geographical barriers and can cause severe disease in human and equine. In Europe, in the past two decades there have been a number of significant outbreaks in several countries. However, very little is known of the ecology and natural history of WN virus transmission in Europe and most WN outbreaks in humans and animals remain unpredictable and difficult to control. |
| Address |
AFSSA Alfort, UMR1161 (INRA-AFSSA-ENVA), 22 rue Pierre Curie, BP 63, 94703 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0147-9571 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15225984 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2635 |
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| Author |
La Riviere, J.W. |
| Title |
Ecology of yeasts in the kefir grain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
Abbreviated Journal |
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
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Pages |
Suppl:D15-6 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Dairy Products; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Lactobacillus/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Saccharomyces/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Symbiosis |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0003-6072 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:5311957 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2741 |
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| Author |
Imura, T.; Tomonaga, M. |
| Title |
Perception of depth from shading in infant chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
253-258 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Contrast Sensitivity/*physiology; Depth Perception/*physiology; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/growth & development/*physiology/*psychology; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology |
| Abstract |
We investigated the ability to perceive depth from shading, one of the pictorial depth cues, in three chimpanzee infants aged 4-10 months old, using a preferential reaching task commonly used to study pictorial depth perception in human infants. The chimpanzee infants reached significantly more to three-dimensional toys than to pictures thereof and more to the three-dimensional convex than to the concave. Furthermore, two of the three infants reached significantly more to the photographic convex than to the photographic concave. These infants also looked longer at the photographic convex than the concave. Our results suggest that chimpanzees perceive, at least as early as the latter half of the first year of life, pictorial depth defined by shading information. Photographic convexes contain richer information about pictorial depth (e.g., attached shadow, cast shadow, highlighted area, and global difference in brightness) than simple computer-graphic graded patterns. These cues together might facilitate the infants' perception of depth from shading. |
| Address |
Graduate School of Humanities, Kwansei Gakuin University, Uegahara, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662-8501, Japan |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:14610661 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2550 |
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| Author |
Hirata, S.; Celli, M.L. |
| Title |
Role of mothers in the acquisition of tool-use behaviours by captive infant chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
235-244 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Feeding Behavior; Female; Imitative Behavior/*physiology; Male; Mothers/*psychology; Motor Skills/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*growth & development/*psychology; Problem Solving/*physiology |
| Abstract |
This article explores the maternal role in the acquisition of tool-use behaviours by infant chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). A honey-fishing task, simulating ant/termite fishing found in the wild, was introduced to three dyads of experienced mother and naive infant chimpanzees. Four fishing sites and eight sets of 20 objects to be used as tools, not all appropriate, were available. Two of the mothers constantly performed the task, using primarily two kinds of tools; the three infants observed them. The infants, regardless of the amount of time spent observing, successfully performed the task around the age of 20-22 months, which is earlier than has been recorded in the wild. Two of the infants used the same types of tools that the adults predominantly used, suggesting that tool selectivity is transmitted. The results also show that adults are tolerant of infants, even if unrelated; infants were sometimes permitted to lick the tools, or were given the tools, usually without honey, as well as permitted to observe the adult performances closely. |
| Address |
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Kanrin, 484-8506 Aichi, Japan. hirata@gari.be.to |
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English |
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Edition |
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1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:13680401 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2555 |
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| Author |
Sousa, C.; Okamoto, S.; Matsuzawa, T. |
| Title |
Behavioural development in a matching-to-sample task and token use by an infant chimpanzee reared by his mother |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
259-267 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Discrimination Learning; Female; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Mothers/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*growth & development/*psychology; *Transfer (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
We investigated the behavioural and cognitive development of a captive male infant chimpanzee, Ayumu, raised by his mother, Ai. Here we report Ayumu's achievements up to the age of 2 years and 3 months, in the context of complex computer-controlled tasks. From soon after birth, Ayumu had been present during an experiment performed by his mother. The task consisted of two phases, a matching-to-sample task in which she received token rewards, and the insertion of these tokens into a vending machine to obtain food rewards. Ayumu himself received no reward or encouragement from humans for any of the actions he exhibited during the experiment. At the age of 9 months and 3 weeks, Ayumu performed his first matching-to-sample trial. At around 1 year and 3 months, he began to perform them consistently. Also during this period, he frequently stole food rewards from his mother. At 2 years and 3 months, Ayumu succeeded for the first time in inserting a token into the vending machine. Once he had succeeded in using a token, he performed both phases of the task in sequence 20 times consecutively. The infant's behaviour was not shaped by food rewards but by a strong motivation to copy his mother's behaviour. Our observations of Ayumu thus mirror the learning processes shown by wild chimpanzees. |
| Address |
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama Aichi 484-8506, Japan. csousa@fcsh.unl.pt |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:13680400 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2556 |
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| Author |
Hayashi, M.; Matsuzawa, T. |
| Title |
Cognitive development in object manipulation by infant chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
225-233 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Child Development/physiology; Child, Preschool; Cognition/*physiology; Female; Growth; Humans; Imitative Behavior/physiology; Infant; Learning/*physiology; Male; Mothers/*psychology; Motor Skills/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*growth & development/*psychology; Psychomotor Performance/*physiology; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
This study focuses on the development of spontaneous object manipulation in three infant chimpanzees during their first 2 years of life. The three infants were raised by their biological mothers who lived among a group of chimpanzees. A human tester conducted a series of cognitive tests in a triadic situation where mothers collaborated with the researcher during the testing of the infants. Four tasks were presented, taken from normative studies of cognitive development of Japanese infants: inserting objects into corresponding holes in a box, seriating nesting cups, inserting variously shaped objects into corresponding holes in a template, and stacking up wooden blocks. The mothers had already acquired skills to perform these manipulation tasks. The infants were free to observe the mothers' manipulative behavior from immediately after birth. We focused on object-object combinations that were made spontaneously by the infant chimpanzees, without providing food reinforcement for any specific behavior that the infants performed. The three main findings can be summarized as follows. First, there was precocious appearance of object-object combination in infant chimpanzees: the age of onset (8-11 months) was comparable to that in humans (around 10 months old). Second, object-object combinations in chimpanzees remained at a low frequency between 11 and 16 months, then increased dramatically at the age of approximately 1.5 years. At the same time, the accuracy of these object-object combinations also increased. Third, chimpanzee infants showed inserting behavior frequently and from an early age but they did not exhibit stacking behavior during their first 2 years of life, in clear contrast to human data. |
| Address |
Section of Language and Intelligence, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-8506 Aichi, Japan. misato@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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| Notes |
PMID:12905079 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2559 |
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| Author |
Santos, L.R.; Miller, C.T.; Hauser, M.D. |
| Title |
Representing tools: how two non-human primate species distinguish between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
269-281 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Form Perception/*physiology; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology; Imitative Behavior; Macaca mulatta/*growth & development/*psychology; Male; Motor Skills; Practice (Psychology); Saguinus/*growth & development/*psychology; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
Few studies have examined whether non-human tool-users understand the properties that are relevant for a tool's function. We tested cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on an expectancy violation procedure designed to assess whether these species make distinctions between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool. Subjects watched an experimenter use a tool to push a grape down a ramp, and then were presented with different displays in which the features of the original tool (shape, color, orientation) were selectively varied. Results indicated that both species looked longer when a newly shaped stick acted on the grape than when a newly colored stick performed the same action, suggesting that both species perceive shape as a more salient transformation than color. In contrast, tamarins, but not rhesus, attended to changes in the tool's orientation. We propose that some non-human primates begin with a predisposition to attend to a tool's shape and, with sufficient experience, develop a more sophisticated understanding of the features that are functionally relevant to tools. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. laurie.santos@yale.edu |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:12736800 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2570 |
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