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| Author |
Powell, G.V.N. |
| Title |
Experimental analysis of the social value of flocking by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to predation and foraging |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication  |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
501-505 |
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| Abstract |
In groups of ten, indidual starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, spent significantly less time in surveillance than did individuals in smaller groups and responded more quickly than single birds to a flying model hawk. Captive starlings in flocks reduce their individual surveillance efforts, but their combined efforts still enable them to be more effective than single birds in the detection of predators. Foraging behaviour of flocks was observed by placing single starlings with groups of tricoloured blackbirds, Agelaius tricolor; the starlings reduced the time they devoted to surveillance at the same rate as if they were with other starlings. |
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2147 |
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| Author |
Richards, S.M. |
| Title |
The concept of dominance and methods of assessment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
Part 4 |
Pages |
914-930 |
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The arrangement of a social group of individuals into a dominance hierarchy is useful in studies of social behaviour only if a wide variety of social interactions can then be predicted. However, definitions of dominance commonly used are numerous and confused. To assess the usefulness of the concept of dominance, studies were made on six breeding groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulata) to determine whether different measures of dominance agreed with each other. The measures tested in this study were found to agree. It is therefore suggested that dominance is a useful intervening variable. Possible reasons for the reported lack of correlation between some measures used by other authors are discussed. |
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2154 |
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| Author |
Geist, V. |
| Title |
On the Relationship of Social Evolution and Ecology in Ungulates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Amer. Zool. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
205-220 |
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Much of the social behavior and organization of ungulates can be related to ecological parameters such as fiber content of forage, plant productivity, plant biomass, plant species diversity, productivity gradients, temporal and spatial fluctuations in productivity, habitat stability, food dispersion, three-dimensional structure of habitat, colonization, and predator density and diversity. These ecological variables can be linked via individual natural selection with the species' anti-predator strategies, emphasis on different channels of communication, relative frequency of damaging and non-damaging overt aggression, gregariousness and group structure, juvenile dispersal, home-range traditions, monogamy and polygamy, sexual dimorphism, territoriality, hierarchical rank structure, and plasticity of social structures. The ecological variables have primary manifestations which are behavior or which affect behavior, as well as secondary manifestations affecting behavior. There are logical links between the hypothesis linking ecology and behavior discussed here with some principles from bioenergetics, zoogeography, and paleontology. Although links do exist between ecology and behavior, they nevertheless represent distinct realms of natural selection in which social behavior appears as the more conservative element. The theoretical basis for this is discussed. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4261 |
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BACK DG et al, |
| Title |
Observations on the sexual behaviour of nonlactating mares |
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Journal Article |
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1974 |
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Amer Vet Med Ass J |
| Volume |
165 |
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717-720 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
907 |
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| Author |
Eisenmann V, G.D.C. |
| Title |
Caractères distinctifs des premières phalanges antérieures et postérieures chez certains équidés actuels et fossiles |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Soc g?ol France |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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352-361 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1059 |
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Eisenmann V, G.D.C. |
| Title |
Caractères distinctifs entre vrais zèbres et zèbres de Chapman d`après l`étude de 60 têtes osseuses. |
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Journal Article |
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1974 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Mammalia |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
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Pages |
509-543 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1060 |
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Estes Rd, |
| Title |
Zebras offer clues to the way wild horses once lived |
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Journal Article |
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1974 |
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Smithsonian |
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5 |
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100-107 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1075 |
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| Author |
Frerichs Wm, H. |
| Title |
Treatment of equine piroplasmosis with imidocarb dipropionate |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Rec |
| Volume |
95 |
Issue |
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Pages |
188-189 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1096 |
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| Author |
Joubert E, |
| Title |
Composition and limiting factors of a Khomas Hochland population of Hartmann zebra |
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Journal Article |
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1974 |
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Madoqua |
| Volume |
8 |
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49-53 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1228 |
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| Author |
Joubert E, |
| Title |
Notes on the reproduction in Hartmann zebra in South West Africa |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Madoqua |
| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
31-35 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1229 |
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