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Author |
Real, L.A. |
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Title |
Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication  |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
253 |
Issue |
5023 |
Pages |
980-986 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability |
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Abstract |
Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints. |
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Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280 |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:1887231 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2846 |
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Author |
Galdikas, B.M. |
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Title |
Orangutan tool use |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
243 |
Issue |
4888 |
Pages |
152 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Hominidae; Humans; *Pongo pygmaeus |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:2911726 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2847 |
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Author |
Linton, M.L. |
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Title |
Washoe the chimpanzee |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
169 |
Issue |
943 |
Pages |
328 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cognition; Cultural Deprivation; *Hominidae; Humans; Infant; *Language Development; Psychology, Comparative |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:5450363 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2849 |
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Author |
Straub, A. |
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Title |
An intelligent crow beats a lab |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
316 |
Issue |
5825 |
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688 |
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Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Crows; Dogs; Intelligence; Memory |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:17478698 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4102 |
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Author |
Goodwin, D.; McGreevy, P.; Waran, N.; McLean, A. |
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Title |
How equitation science can elucidate and refine horsemanship techniques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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The Veterinary Journal |
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Special Issue: Equitation Science |
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Volume |
181 |
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1 |
Pages |
5-11 |
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Keywords |
Horse; Training; Equitation; Learning theory; Ethology; Cognition |
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Abstract |
The long-held belief that human dominance and equine submission are key to successful training and that the horse must be taught to [`]respect' the trainer infers that force is often used during training. Many horses respond by trialling unwelcome evasions, resistances and flight responses, which readily become established. When unable to cope with problem behaviours, some handlers in the past might have been encouraged to use harsh methods or devices while others may have called in a so-called [`]good horseman' or [`]horse whisperer' to remediate the horse. Frequently, the approaches such practitioners offer could not be applied by the horse's owner or trainer because of their lack of understanding or inability to apply the techniques. Often it seemed that these [`]horse-people' had magical ways with horses (e.g., they only had to whisper to them) that achieved impressive results although they had little motivation to divulge their techniques. As we begin to appreciate how to communicate with horses sensitively and consistently, misunderstandings and misinterpretations by horse and trainer should become less common. Recent studies have begun to reveal what comprises the simplest, most humane and most effective mechanisms in horse training and these advances are being matched by greater sharing of knowledge among practitioners. Indeed, various practitioners of what is referred to here as [`]natural horsemanship' now use techniques similar to the [`]whisperers' of old, but they are more open about their methods. Reputable horse trainers using natural horsemanship approaches are talented observers of horse behaviour and respond consistently and swiftly to the horse's subtle cues during training. For example, in the roundpen these trainers apply an aversive stimulus to prompt a flight response and then, when the horse slows down, moves toward them, or offers space-reducing affiliative signals, the trainer immediately modifies his/her agonistic signals, thus negatively reinforcing the desired response. Learning theory and equine ethology, the fundamentals of the emerging discipline of equitation science, can be used to explain almost all the behaviour modification that goes on in these contexts and in conventional horsemanship. By measuring and evaluating what works and what does not, equitation science has the potential to have a unifying effect on traditional practices and developing branches of equitation. |
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1090-0233 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4826 |
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Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; Oddie, C.; Burton, F.L.; McLean, A.N. |
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Title |
The horse–human dyad: Can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid social ethogram? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
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Special Issue: Equitation Science |
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Volume |
181 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12-18 |
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Keywords |
Horse training; Social inter- and intra-specific communication; Learning; Counter–predator behaviour |
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Abstract |
This article examines the recently completed equid ethogram and shows how analogues of social interactions between horses may occur in various human–horse interactions. It discusses how some specific horse–horse interactions have a corresponding horse–human interaction – some of which may be directly beneficial for the horse while others may be unusual or even abnormal. It also shows how correspondent behaviours sometimes become inappropriate because of their duration, consistency or context. One analogue is unlikely to hold true for all horse–human contexts, so when applying any model from horse–horse interactions to human–horse interactions, the limitations of the model may eclipse the intended outcome of the intervention. These limitations are especially likely when the horse is being ridden. Such analyses may help to determine the validity of extrapolating intra-specific interactions to the inter-specific setting, as is advocated by some popular horse-training methods, and highlight the subsequent limitations where humans play the role of the ‘alpha mare’ or leader in horse handling and training. This examination provides a constructive framework for further informed debate and empirical investigation of the critical features of successful intra-specific interactions. |
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1090-0233 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5729 |
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Author |
Legare, C.H.; Nielsen, M. |
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Title |
Imitation and Innovation: The Dual Engines of Cultural Learning |
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Journal Article |
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Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
688-699 |
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Abstract |
Imitation and innovation work in tandem to support cultural learning in children and facilitate our capacity for cumulative culture. Here we propose an integrated theoretical account of how the unique demands of acquiring instrumental skills and cultural conventions provide insight into when children imitate, when they innovate, and to what degree. For instrumental learning, with an increase in experience, high fidelity imitation decreases and innovation increases. By contrast, for conventional learning, imitative fidelity stays high, regardless of experience, and innovation stays low. We synthesize cutting edge research on the development of imitative flexibility and innovation to provide insight into the social learning mechanisms underpinning the uniquely human mind. |
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Elsevier |
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1364-6613 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.005 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5931 |
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Author |
Rosati, A.G. |
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Title |
Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
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21 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
691-702 |
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What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology. |
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Elsevier |
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1364-6613 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6586 |
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