Records |
Author |
Briard, L.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. |
Title |
How stallions influence the dynamic of collective movements in two groups of domestic horses, from departure to arrival |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
142 |
Issue |
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Pages |
56-63 |
Keywords |
consensus; herding; polygyny; personal leadership; shared decision |
Abstract |
Abstract The role of leader in polygynous species has been solely attributed to the male for some time, but recent studies shown decision making to be distributed within the group. However, the specific reproductive strategy and behavioural repertoire of males in polygynous species such as horses may mean that these individuals still have the potential to play a specific role during decision-making. To investigate this subject, we thoroughly studied the behaviour of two domestic stallions during collective movements of their group. We found that they initiated rarely and sometimes failed to recruit the entire group. When departing as followers, they did not accelerate the joining process. Both stallions preferentially occupied the rear position and exhibited numerous monitoring behaviours. Herding behaviours were performed by only one stallion and mostly occurred outside movement context. Finally, we removed this herding stallion from its group to evaluate how the group dynamic changed. As a result, half of the collective movements were five times slower and mares were more dispersed in comparison when the stallion was in the group. Overall, our results suggest that, the two stallions maintained their role of group monitors from departure to arrival. Their influence on the movement dynamic was indirect and did not play a specific role in the process of decision making. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6151 |
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Author |
Griffin, A.S.; Guez, D. |
Title |
Innovation and problem solving: A review of common mechanisms |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
109 |
Issue |
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Pages |
121-134 |
Keywords |
Behavioural flexibility; Cognition; Innovation; Problem solving |
Abstract |
Behavioural innovations have become central to our thinking about how animals adjust to changing environments. It is now well established that animals vary in their ability to innovate, but understanding why remains a challenge. This is because innovations are rare, so studying innovation requires alternative experimental assays that create opportunities for animals to express their ability to invent new behaviours, or use pre-existing ones in new contexts. Problem solving of extractive foraging tasks has been put forward as a suitable experimental assay. We review the rapidly expanding literature on problem solving of extractive foraging tasks in order to better understand to what extent the processes underpinning problem solving, and the factors influencing problem solving, are in line with those predicted, and found, to underpin and influence innovation in the wild. Our aim is to determine whether problem solving can be used as an experimental proxy of innovation. We find that in most respects, problem solving is determined by the same underpinning mechanisms, and is influenced by the same factors, as those predicted to underpin, and to influence, innovation. We conclude that problem solving is a valid experimental assay for studying innovation, propose a conceptual model of problem solving in which motor diversity plays a more central role than has been considered to date, and provide recommendations for future research using problem solving to investigate innovation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cognition in the wild. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6556 |
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Author |
Giljov, A.; Karenina, K. |
Title |
Differential roles of the right and left brain hemispheres in the social interactions of a free-ranging ungulate |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
168 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103959 |
Keywords |
Laterality; Hemispheric specialization; Brain asymmetry; Eye preference; Ungulate; Bovid |
Abstract |
Despite the abundant empirical evidence on lateralized social behaviours, a clear understanding of the relative roles of two brain hemispheres in social processing is still lacking. This study investigated visual lateralization in social interactions of free-ranging European bison (Bison bonasus). The bison were more likely to display aggressive responses (such as fight and side hit), when they viewed the conspecific with the right visual field, implicating the left brain hemisphere. In contrast, the responses associated with positive social interactions (female-to-calf bonding, calf-to-female approach, suckling) or aggression inhibition (fight termination) occurred more likely when the left visual field was in use, indicating the right hemisphere advantage. The results do not support either assumptions of right-hemisphere dominance for control of various social functions or hypotheses about simple positive (approach) versus negative (withdrawal) distinction between the hemispheric roles. The discrepancy between the studies suggests that in animals, the relative roles of the hemispheres in social processing may be determined by a fine balance of emotions and motivations associated with the particular social reaction difficult to categorize for a human investigator. Our findings highlight the involvement of both brain hemispheres in the control of social behaviour. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6587 |
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Author |
da Cruz, A.B.; Hirata, S.; dos Santos, M.E.; Mendonça, R.S. |
Title |
Show me your best side: Lateralization of social and resting behaviors in feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
206 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104839 |
Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Drone technology; ; Hemispheric specialization; Horses; Social interactions |
Abstract |
Growing evidence shows a variety of sensorial and motor asymmetries in social and non-social interactions in various species, indicating a lateralized processing of information by the brain. Using digital video cameras on tripods and drones, this study investigated lateralization in frequency and duration of social behavior patterns, in affiliative, agonistic, and resting contexts, in a feral population of horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Northern Portugal, consisting of 37 individuals organized in eight harem groups. Affiliative interactions (including grooming) were more often performed, and lasted longer, when recipients were positioned to the right side. In recumbent resting (animals lying down) episodes on the left side lasted longer. Our results of an affiliative behavior having a right side tendency, provide partial support to the valence-specific hypothesis of Ahern and Schwartz (1979) – left hemisphere dominance for positive affect, affiliative behaviors. Longer recumbent resting episodes on the left side may be due to synchronization. However, in both instances it is discussed how lateralization may be context dependent. Investigating the position asymmetries of social behaviors in feral equids will contribute to a better understanding of differential lateralization and hemispheric specialization from the ecological and evolutionary perspectives. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6697 |
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Author |
da Cruz, A.B.; Hirata, S.; dos Santos, M.E.; Mendonça, R.S. |
Title |
Show me your best side: Lateralization of social and resting behaviors in feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
206 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104839 |
Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Drone technology; ; Hemispheric specialization; Horses; Social interactions |
Abstract |
Growing evidence shows a variety of sensorial and motor asymmetries in social and non-social interactions in various species, indicating a lateralized processing of information by the brain. Using digital video cameras on tripods and drones, this study investigated lateralization in frequency and duration of social behavior patterns, in affiliative, agonistic, and resting contexts, in a feral population of horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Northern Portugal, consisting of 37 individuals organized in eight harem groups. Affiliative interactions (including grooming) were more often performed, and lasted longer, when recipients were positioned to the right side. In recumbent resting (animals lying down) episodes on the left side lasted longer. Our results of an affiliative behavior having a right side tendency, provide partial support to the valence-specific hypothesis of Ahern and Schwartz (1979) – left hemisphere dominance for positive affect, affiliative behaviors. Longer recumbent resting episodes on the left side may be due to synchronization. However, in both instances it is discussed how lateralization may be context dependent. Investigating the position asymmetries of social behaviors in feral equids will contribute to a better understanding of differential lateralization and hemispheric specialization from the ecological and evolutionary perspectives. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6711 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, M.; Wagner, C.; Kluth, G. et al. |
Title |
Zur Nahrungsökologie der Wölfe (Canis lupus) in Deutschland. |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung |
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36 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117-128 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6690 |
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Author |
Hoelker, S. |
Title |
Typologie der deutschen Pferdehaltung – Eine empirische Studie mittels Two-Step-Clusteranalyse |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Berichte über Landwirtschaft Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft |
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94 |
Issue |
3 |
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BMEL |
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Bonn |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6643 |
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Author |
Pimenta, V.; Barroso, I.; Boitani, L.; Beja, P. |
Title |
Risks a la carte: Modelling the occurrence and intensity of wolf predation on multiple livestock species |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Conserva. |
Volume |
228 |
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Pages |
331-342 |
Keywords |
Human-wildlife conflict; Large carnivores; Livestock husbandry systems; Predation risk; Predation intensity |
Abstract |
Predation on livestock is a source of human-wildlife conflicts and can undermine the conservation of large carnivores. To design effective mitigation strategies, it is important to understand the determinants of predation across livestock species, which often differ in husbandry practices, vulnerability to predators and economic value. Moreover, attention should be given to both predation occurrence and intensity, because these can have different spatial patterns and predictors. We used spatial risk modelling to quantify factors affecting wolf predation on five livestock species in Portugal. Within the 1619 parishes encompassing the entire wolf range in the country, the national wolf compensation scheme recorded 17,670 predation events in 2009-2015, each involving one or more livestock species: sheep (31.7%), cattle (27.7%), goats (26.8%), horses (14.8%) and donkeys (3.2%). Models built with 2009-2013 data and validated with 2014-2015 data, showed a shared general pattern of predation probability on each species increasing with its own density and proximity to wolf packs. For some species there were positive relations with the density of other livestock species, and with habitat variables such as altitude, and land cover by shrubland and natural pastures. There was also a general pattern for predation intensity on each species increasing with its own density, while proximity to wolf packs had no significant effects. Predation intensity on goats, cattle and horses increased with the use of communal versus private pastures. Our results suggest that although predation may occur wherever wolves coexist with livestock species, high predation intensity is mainly restricted to particular areas where husbandry practices increase the vulnerability of animals, and this is where mitigation efforts should concentrate. |
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0006-3207 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6438 |
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Author |
Imbert, C.; Caniglia, R.; Fabbri, E.; Milanesi, P.; Randi, E.; Serafini, M.; Torretta, E.; Meriggi, A. |
Title |
Why do wolves eat livestock?: Factors influencing wolf diet in northern Italy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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195 |
Issue |
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Pages |
156-168 |
Keywords |
Scat analysis; Feeding ecology; Prey selection; Wolf-human conflicts |
Abstract |
Thanks to protection by law and increasing habitat restoration, wolves (Canis lupus) are currently re-colonizing Europe from the surviving populations of Russia, the Balkan countries, Spain and Italy, raising the need to update conservation strategies. A major conservation issue is to restore connections and gene flow among fragmented populations, thus contrasting the deleterious consequences of isolation. Wolves in Italy are expanding from the Apennines towards the Alps, crossing the Ligurian Mountains (northern Italy) and establishing connections with the Dinaric populations. Wolf expansion is threatened by poaching and incidental killings, mainly due to livestock depredations and conflicts with shepherds, which could limit the establishment of stable populations. Aiming to find out the factors affecting the use of livestock by wolves, in this study we determined the composition of wolf diet in Liguria. We examined 1457 scats collected from 2008 to 2013. Individual scats were genotyped using a non-invasive genetic procedure, and their content was determined using microscopical analyses. Wolves in Liguria consumed mainly wild ungulates (64.4%; in particular wild boar Sus scrofa and roe deer Capreolus capreolus) and, to a lesser extent, livestock (26.3%; in particular goats Capra hircus). We modeled the consumption of livestock using environmental features, wild ungulate community diversity, husbandry characteristics and wolf social organization (stable packs or dispersing individuals). Wolf diet varied according to years and seasons with an overall decrease of livestock and an increase of wild ungulate consumption, but also between packs and dispersing individuals with greater livestock consumption for the latter. The presence of stable packs, instead of dispersing wolves, the adoption of prevention measures on pastures, roe deer abundance, and the percentage of deciduous woods, reduced predation on livestock. Thus, we suggest promoting wild ungulate expansion, the use of prevention tools in pastures, and supporting wolf pack establishment, avoiding lethal control and poaching, to mitigate conflicts between wolf conservation and husbandry. |
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0006-3207 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6621 |
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Author |
Bandini , E.; Motes-Rodrigo, A.; Steele, M.P.; Rutz, C.; Tennie, C. |
Title |
Examining the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of animal tool behaviour |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2020122 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6660 |
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