| Records |
| Author |
Imbert, C.; Caniglia, R.; Fabbri, E.; Milanesi, P.; Randi, E.; Serafini, M.; Torretta, E.; Meriggi, A. |
| Title |
Why do wolves eat livestock?: Factors influencing wolf diet in northern Italy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication  |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
195 |
Issue |
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Pages |
156-168 |
| Keywords |
Scat analysis; Feeding ecology; Prey selection; Wolf-human conflicts |
| Abstract |
Thanks to protection by law and increasing habitat restoration, wolves (Canis lupus) are currently re-colonizing Europe from the surviving populations of Russia, the Balkan countries, Spain and Italy, raising the need to update conservation strategies. A major conservation issue is to restore connections and gene flow among fragmented populations, thus contrasting the deleterious consequences of isolation. Wolves in Italy are expanding from the Apennines towards the Alps, crossing the Ligurian Mountains (northern Italy) and establishing connections with the Dinaric populations. Wolf expansion is threatened by poaching and incidental killings, mainly due to livestock depredations and conflicts with shepherds, which could limit the establishment of stable populations. Aiming to find out the factors affecting the use of livestock by wolves, in this study we determined the composition of wolf diet in Liguria. We examined 1457 scats collected from 2008 to 2013. Individual scats were genotyped using a non-invasive genetic procedure, and their content was determined using microscopical analyses. Wolves in Liguria consumed mainly wild ungulates (64.4%; in particular wild boar Sus scrofa and roe deer Capreolus capreolus) and, to a lesser extent, livestock (26.3%; in particular goats Capra hircus). We modeled the consumption of livestock using environmental features, wild ungulate community diversity, husbandry characteristics and wolf social organization (stable packs or dispersing individuals). Wolf diet varied according to years and seasons with an overall decrease of livestock and an increase of wild ungulate consumption, but also between packs and dispersing individuals with greater livestock consumption for the latter. The presence of stable packs, instead of dispersing wolves, the adoption of prevention measures on pastures, roe deer abundance, and the percentage of deciduous woods, reduced predation on livestock. Thus, we suggest promoting wild ungulate expansion, the use of prevention tools in pastures, and supporting wolf pack establishment, avoiding lethal control and poaching, to mitigate conflicts between wolf conservation and husbandry. |
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0006-3207 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6621 |
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Bandini , E.; Motes-Rodrigo, A.; Steele, M.P.; Rutz, C.; Tennie, C. |
| Title |
Examining the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of animal tool behaviour |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
2020122 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6660 |
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Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. |
| Title |
Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12 |
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Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. |
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1471-2148 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 |
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6637 |
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Janczarek, I.; Stachurska, A.; Kedzierski, W.; Wisniewska, A.; Ryzak, M.; Koziol, A. |
| Title |
The intensity of physiological and behavioral responses of horses to predator vocalizations |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
BMC Veterinary Research |
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16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
431 |
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Predatory attacks on horses can become a problem in some parts of the world, particularly when considering the recovering gray wolf populations. The issue studied was whether horses transformed by humans and placed in stable-pasture environments had retained their natural abilities to respond to predation risk. The objective of the study was to determine the changes in cardiac activity, cortisol concentrations, and behavior of horses in response to the vocalizations of two predators: the gray wolf (Canis lupus), which the horses of the breed studied had coevolved with but not been exposed to recently, and Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr), from which the horses had been mostly isolated. In addition, we hypothesized that a higher proportion of Thoroughbred (TB) horse ancestry in the pedigree would result in higher emotional excitability in response to predator vocalizations. Nineteen horses were divided into groups of 75%, 50% and 25% TB ancestry. The auditory test conducted in a paddock comprised a 10-min prestimulus period, a 5-min stimulus period when one of the predators was heard, and a 10-min poststimulus period without any experimental stimuli. |
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1746-6148 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Janczarek2020 |
Serial |
6624 |
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| Author |
Cozzi, B.; Povinelli, M.; Ballarin, C.; Granato, A. |
| Title |
The Brain of the Horse: Weight and Cephalization Quotients |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Brain, Behavior and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
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83 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
9-16 |
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The horse is a common domestic animal whose anatomy has been studied since the XVI century. However, a modern neuroanatomy of this species does not exist and most of the data utilized in textbooks and reviews derive from single specimens or relatively old literature. Here, we report information on the brain of Equus caballus obtained by sampling 131 horses, including brain weight (as a whole and subdivided into its constituents), encephalization quotient (EQ), and cerebellar quotient (CQ), and comparisons with what is known about other relevant species. The mean weight of the fresh brains in our experimental series was 598.63 g (SEM ± 7.65), with a mean body weight of 514.12 kg (SEM ± 15.42). The EQ was 0.78 and the CQ was 0.841. The data we obtained indicate that the horse possesses a large, convoluted brain, with a weight similar to that of other hoofed species of like mass. However, the shape of the brain, the noteworthy folding of the neocortex, and the peculiar longitudinal distribution of the gyri suggest an evolutionary specificity at least partially separate from that of the Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals and cetaceans) with whom Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals) are often grouped. |
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0006-8977 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6592 |
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| Author |
Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. |
| Title |
The opening of milk bottles by birds |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
British Birds |
Abbreviated Journal |
British Birds |
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Issue |
42 |
Pages |
347-357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6525 |
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| Author |
Wotschikowsky, U. |
| Title |
Wölfe und Jäger in der Oberlausitz |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Broschüre, Freundeskreis freilebender Wölfe |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6691 |
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Solmsen, E.-H.; Bathen, M.; Grüntjens, T.; Hempel, E.; Klose, M.; Krüger, K.; Martin, H.; Meyer, A.; Schütte, P.; Vogel, L.; Wiezorek, S.; Wittor, B. |
| Title |
Protecting horses against wolves in Germany |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
Abbreviated Journal |
CPDnews |
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23 |
Issue |
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12-19 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6661 |
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Voigtlaender-Schnabel, S.; Vogel, L.; Greiner, B.; Wiezorek, S.; Schuette, P.; Solmsen, E.-H.; Martin; H.; Hempel, E.; Gruentjens, T.; Bathen, M.; Herold, P.; Krueger, K. |
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Reactions of horses to wildlife and livestock guarding dogs |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
Abbreviated Journal |
CDPNews |
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24 |
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49-58 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6668 |
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Lagos, L.; Blanco, P. |
| Title |
Testing the use of dogs to prevent wolf attackson free ranging ponies in Iberia? |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
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CDPnews |
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23 |
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20-27 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6679 |
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