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Range, F.; Huber, L. |
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Title |
Attention in common marmosets: implications for social-learning experiments |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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73 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1033-1041 |
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Keywords |
attention; Callithrix jacchus; common marmoset; imitation; social learning |
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Abstract |
The question whether a certain species is or is not able to imitate has received much recent attention. However, the ability to copy a demonstrated action might depend not only on the imitative ability of the observer but also on its attention, a factor widely neglected in discussions and experiments. Since attention differs between species as well as between individuals, it is likely to influence the amount and type of information different species and/or observers may extract from a given demonstration. We studied attention in common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. In a series of experimental sessions, individual marmosets watched different conspecific models that were searching, manipulating an object and feeding. The observers could see the demonstration through two observation holes, which allowed us to measure exactly how often and for how long they watched the model. Marmosets were more attentive towards conspecifics engaged in a problem-solving task than an exploring model. Individual variation in attention was large, ranging from less than 10% to over 49%. Attention also depended on the identity of the model with an increase in attention if it was of the opposite sex. Overall, attention of marmosets was short with a median duration of 6 s while the model manipulated an object. This study measured the real interest of the observer towards a model, which could be an important variable in social-learning experiments. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4208 |
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Dawson, B.V.; Foss, B.M. |
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Title |
Observational learning in budgerigars |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
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Anim. Behav. |
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13 |
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4 |
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470-474 |
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Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Learning |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2991 |
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Horn, L.; Range, F.; Huber, L. |
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Title |
Dogs’ attention towards humans depends on their relationship, not only on social familiarity |
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Year |
2013 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
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16 |
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3 |
Pages |
435-443 |
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Domestic dogs; Social attention; Social familiarity; Dog–human relationship |
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Both in humans and non-human animals, it has been shown that individuals attend more to those they have previously interacted with and/or they are more closely associated with than to unfamiliar individuals. Whether this preference is mediated by mere social familiarity based on exposure or by the specific relationship between the two individuals, however, remains unclear. The domestic dog is an interesting subject in this line of research as it lives in the human environment and regularly interacts with numerous humans, yet it often has a particularly close relationship with its owner. Therefore, we investigated how long dogs (Canis familiaris) would attend to the actions of two familiar humans and one unfamiliar experimenter, while varying whether dogs had a close relationship with only one or both familiar humans. Our data provide evidence that social familiarity by itself cannot account for dogs’ increased attention towards their owners since they only attended more to those familiar humans with whom they also had a close relationship. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5667 |
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