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Author |
Novacek, M.J. |
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Title |
Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication  |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
356 |
Issue |
6365 |
Pages |
121-125 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Evolution; Fossils; Mammals/classification/*genetics; *Phylogeny |
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Abstract |
Recent palaeontological discoveries and the correspondence between molecular and morphological results provide fresh insight on the deep structure of mammalian phylogeny. This new wave of research, however, has yet to resolve some important issues. |
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Address |
American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024 |
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0028-0836 |
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PMID:1545862 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3546 |
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Author |
Wolf, M.; van Doorn, G.S.; Leimar, O.; Weissing, F.J. |
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Title |
Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
447 |
Issue |
7144 |
Pages |
581-584 |
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Keywords |
Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Evolution; Exploratory Behavior/physiology; Models, Biological; Personality/*physiology; Predatory Behavior/physiology; Reproduction/physiology; Risk-Taking; Selection (Genetics) |
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Abstract |
In recent years evidence has been accumulating that personalities are not only found in humans but also in a wide range of other animal species. Individuals differ consistently in their behavioural tendencies and the behaviour in one context is correlated with the behaviour in multiple other contexts. From an adaptive perspective, the evolution of animal personalities is still a mystery, because a more flexible structure of behaviour should provide a selective advantage. Accordingly, many researchers view personalities as resulting from constraints imposed by the architecture of behaviour (but see ref. 12). In contrast, we show here that animal personalities can be given an adaptive explanation. Our argument is based on the insight that the trade-off between current and future reproduction often results in polymorphic populations in which some individuals put more emphasis on future fitness returns than others. Life-history theory predicts that such differences in fitness expectations should result in systematic differences in risk-taking behaviour. Individuals with high future expectations (who have much to lose) should be more risk-averse than individuals with low expectations. This applies to all kinds of risky situations, so individuals should consistently differ in their behaviour. By means of an evolutionary model we demonstrate that this basic principle results in the evolution of animal personalities. It simultaneously explains the coexistence of behavioural types, the consistency of behaviour through time and the structure of behavioural correlations across contexts. Moreover, it explains the common finding that explorative behaviour and risk-related traits like boldness and aggressiveness are common characteristics of animal personalities. |
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Theoretical Biology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands |
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1476-4687 |
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Notes |
PMID:17538618 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4098 |
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Author |
Bell, A.M. |
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Title |
Evolutionary biology: animal personalities |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
447 |
Issue |
7144 |
Pages |
539-540 |
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Keywords |
Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; *Models, Biological; Personality/genetics/*physiology; Reproduction/genetics/physiology; Risk-Taking; Selection (Genetics) |
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1476-4687 |
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Notes |
PMID:17538607 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4099 |
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Author |
Berger, J. |
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Title |
Induced abortion and social factors in wild horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5912 |
Pages |
59-61 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Induced/*veterinary; Abortion, Veterinary/*etiology; Aggression/physiology; Animals; Evolution; Female; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Much evidence now suggests that the postnatal killing of young in primates and carnivores, and induced abortions in some rodents, are evolved traits exerting strong selective pressures on adult male and female behaviour. Among ungulates it is perplexing that either no species have developed convergent tactics or that these behaviours are not reported, especially as ungulates have social systems similar to those of members of the above groups. Only in captive horses (Equus caballus) has infant killing been reported. It has been estimated that 40,000 wild horses live in remote areas of the Great Basin Desert of North America (US Department of Interior (Bureau of Land Management), unpublished report), where they occur in harems (females and young) defended by males. Here I present evidence that, rather than killing infants directly, invading males induce abortions in females unprotected by their resident stallions and these females are then inseminated by the new males. |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:6682487 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4365 |
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Author |
Franks, N.R.; Richardson, T. |
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Title |
Teaching in tandem-running ants |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
439 |
Issue |
7073 |
Pages |
153 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Ants/*physiology; Feedback/physiology; Learning/*physiology; *Teaching |
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Abstract |
The ant Temnothorax albipennis uses a technique known as tandem running to lead another ant from the nest to food--with signals between the two ants controlling both the speed and course of the run. Here we analyse the results of this communication and show that tandem running is an example of teaching, to our knowledge the first in a non-human animal, that involves bidirectional feedback between teacher and pupil. This behaviour indicates that it could be the value of information, rather than the constraint of brain size, that has influenced the evolution of teaching. |
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Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 IUG, UK. nigel.franks@bristol.ac.uk |
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1476-4687 |
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Notes |
PMID:16407943 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4651 |
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Author |
Packer, C. |
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Title |
Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Nature |
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Nature |
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Volume |
265 |
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Pages |
441-445 |
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Notes |
10.1038/265441a0 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4840 |
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Author |
Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. |
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Title |
Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
355 |
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Pages |
250-253 |
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10.1038/355250a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4842 |
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Author |
Maynard Smith, J.; Price, G.R. |
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Title |
The Logic of Animal Conflict |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1973 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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Volume |
246 |
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Pages |
15-18 |
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10.1038/246015a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4844 |
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Author |
Hamilton, W.D. |
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Title |
Selfish and Spiteful Behaviour in an Evolutionary Model |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Nature |
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Nature |
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228 |
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1218-1220 |
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10.1038/2281218a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4853 |
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Author |
Reeve, H.K. |
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Title |
Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
358 |
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Pages |
147-149 |
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10.1038/358147a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4921 |
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