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Author |
Moon, C.; Baldridge, M.T.; Wallace, M.A.; Burnham, C.-A.D.; Virgin, H.W.; Stappenbeck, T.S. |
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Title |
Vertically transmitted faecal IgA levels determine extra-chromosomal phenotypic variation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
521 |
Issue |
7550 |
Pages |
90-93 |
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Keywords |
Phenotype |
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Abstract |
The proliferation of genetically modified mouse models has exposed phenotypic variation between investigators and institutions that has been challenging to control1-5. In many cases, the microbiota is the presumed culprit of the variation. Current solutions to account for phenotypic variability include littermate and maternal controls or defined microbial consortia in gnotobiotic mice6,7. In conventionally raised mice, the microbiome is transmitted from the dam2,8,9. Here we show that microbially–driven dichotomous fecal IgA levels in WT mice within the same facility mimic the effects of chromosomal mutations. We observed in multiple facilities that vertically-transmissible bacteria in IgA-Low mice dominantly lowered fecal IgA levels in IgA-High mice after cohousing or fecal transplantation. In response to injury, IgA-Low mice showed increased damage that was transferable by fecal transplantation and driven by fecal IgA differences. We found that bacteria from IgA-Low mice degraded the secretory component (SC) of SIgA as well as IgA itself. These data indicate that phenotypic comparisons between mice must take into account the non-chromosomal hereditary variation between different breeders. We propose fecal IgA as one marker of microbial variability and conclude that cohousing and/or fecal transplantation enables analysis of progeny from different dams. |
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Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. |
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eng |
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0028-0836 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6005 |
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Author |
Eisenmann V, |
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Title |
Le cheval: Passé, présent et avenir. |
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Year |
1982 |
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Bull Inf Mus Nat Hist Naturelle |
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30 |
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29-34 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1052 |
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Author |
Ewart Jc, |
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Title |
The wild horse |
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1903 |
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Nature |
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68 |
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271-274 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1076 |
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Author |
Fedak Ma, S.H. |
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Title |
Reappraisal of energetics of locomotion shows identical cost in bipeds and quadrupeds including ostrich and horse |
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1979 |
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Nature |
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282 |
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713-716 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1079 |
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Author |
Hoyt Df, T.C. |
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Title |
Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
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Nature |
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292 |
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239-240 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1205 |
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Author |
OUSTALET E |
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Title |
Une nouvelle espèce de zèbre, |
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Year |
1882 |
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La Nature |
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10 |
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12-14 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1444 |
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Author |
Welsh Da, |
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Title |
The life of Sable Island's wild horses |
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1973 |
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Nature Canada |
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2 |
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7-14 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1701 |
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Author |
McElreath, R.; Luttbeg, B.; Fogarty, S.P.; Brodin, T.; Sih, A. |
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Title |
Evolution of animal personalities |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Nature |
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450 |
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7167 |
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E5-E5 |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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0028-0836 |
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10.1038/nature06326 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4295 |
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Author |
Wolf, M.; van Doorn, G.S.; Leimar, O.; Weissing, F.J. |
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Title |
Wolf et al. reply |
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2007 |
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Nature |
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450 |
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7167 |
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E5-E6 |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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0028-0836 |
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10.1038/nature06327 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4297 |
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Author |
Milinski, M.; Rockenbach, B. |
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Title |
Human behaviour: Punisher pays |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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Nature |
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Volume |
452 |
Issue |
7185 |
Pages |
297-298 |
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Abstract |
The tendency of humans to punish perceived free-loaders, even at a cost to themselves, is an evolutionary puzzle: punishers perish, and those who benefit the most are those who have never punished at all.
Humans are champions of cooperation. Reciprocity – the idea that, if I help you this time, you'll help me next time1 – is a secret of our success. |
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Nature Publishing Group |
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0028-0836 |
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10.1038/452297a |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4405 |
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