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Jankunis, E.S.; Whishaw, I.Q. |
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Title |
Sucrose Bobs and Quinine Gapes: Horse (Equus caballus) responses to taste support phylogenetic similarity in taste reactivity |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication  |
Behavioural Brain Research |
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Volume |
256 |
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Pages |
284-290 |
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Keywords |
Hedonic; Aversive; Reactions; Taste; Reactivity; Horse |
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Abstract |
Evidence suggests that behavioural affective reactions to sweet and bitter substances are homologous in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The sweet taste of sucrose elicits facial responses that include rhythmic tongue protrusions whereas the bitter taste of quinine elicits facial responses that include gapes, featuring an opening of the mouth and protrusion of the tongue. The present study using the horse (Equus caballus) was undertaken for three reasons: (1) there is debate about the presence of a sweet receptor gene in the horse, (2) there is a need to expand the examination of facial reactions to taste in lineages other than the closely related lineages of rodents and primates, and (3) the horse provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that some social signals derive from movements related to taste reaction. The horses were given oral infusions of either sucrose or quinine and their behaviour was examined using frame-by-frame video analysis. Control groups were exposed received water or syringe insertion only. Amongst the many responses made to the infusions, the distinctive response to sucrose was a bob coupled with a slight tongue protrusion and forward movement of the ears; the distinctive response to quinine was a head extension and mouth gape accompanied by a large tongue protrusion and backward movement of the ears. Sucrose Bobs and Quinine Gapes are discussed with respect to: (1) the relevance of facial reactions to both sucrose and quinine to taste receptors in horses, (2) the similarity of features of taste expression in horses to those documented in rodents and primates, and (3) the dissimilarity between facial reactions to taste and other social signals displayed by horses. |
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0166-4328 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6635 |
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Author |
Versace, E.; Morgante, M.; Pulina, G.; Vallortigara, G. |
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Title |
Behavioural lateralization in sheep (Ovis aries) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain. Res. |
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184 |
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1 |
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72-80 |
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Keywords |
Lateralization; Laterality; Brain asymmetry; Hemisphere; Sheep; Lamb; Strength of lateralization |
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This study investigates behavioural lateralization in sheep and lambs of different ages. A flock was tested in a task in which the animals were facing an obstacle and should avoid it on either the right or left side to rejoin flock-mates (adult sheep) or their mothers (lambs). A bias for avoiding the obstacle on the right side was observed, with lambs apparently being more lateralized than sheep. This right bias was tentatively associated with the left-hemifield laterality in familiar faces recognition which has been documented in this species. Differences between adult sheep and lambs were likely to be due to differences in social reinstatement motivation elicited by different stimuli (flock-mates or mothers) at different ages. Preferential use of the forelegs to step on a wood-board and direction of jaw movement during rumination was also tested in adult animals. No population bias nor individual-level lateralization was observed for use of the forelegs. At the same time, however, there was a large number of animals showing individual-level lateralization for the direction of jaw movement during rumination even though there was no population bias. These findings highlight that within the same species individual- and population-level lateralization can be observed in different tasks. Moreover, the results fit the general hypothesis that population-level asymmetries are more likely to occur in tasks that require social coordination among behaviourally asymmetric individuals. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6701 |
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Briard, L.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
How stallions influence the dynamic of collective movements in two groups of domestic horses, from departure to arrival |
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2017 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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142 |
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56-63 |
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Keywords |
consensus; herding; polygyny; personal leadership; shared decision |
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Abstract The role of leader in polygynous species has been solely attributed to the male for some time, but recent studies shown decision making to be distributed within the group. However, the specific reproductive strategy and behavioural repertoire of males in polygynous species such as horses may mean that these individuals still have the potential to play a specific role during decision-making. To investigate this subject, we thoroughly studied the behaviour of two domestic stallions during collective movements of their group. We found that they initiated rarely and sometimes failed to recruit the entire group. When departing as followers, they did not accelerate the joining process. Both stallions preferentially occupied the rear position and exhibited numerous monitoring behaviours. Herding behaviours were performed by only one stallion and mostly occurred outside movement context. Finally, we removed this herding stallion from its group to evaluate how the group dynamic changed. As a result, half of the collective movements were five times slower and mares were more dispersed in comparison when the stallion was in the group. Overall, our results suggest that, the two stallions maintained their role of group monitors from departure to arrival. Their influence on the movement dynamic was indirect and did not play a specific role in the process of decision making. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6151 |
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Author |
da Cruz, A.B.; Hirata, S.; dos Santos, M.E.; Mendonça, R.S. |
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Title |
Show me your best side: Lateralization of social and resting behaviors in feral horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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206 |
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Pages |
104839 |
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Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Drone technology; ; Hemispheric specialization; Horses; Social interactions |
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Growing evidence shows a variety of sensorial and motor asymmetries in social and non-social interactions in various species, indicating a lateralized processing of information by the brain. Using digital video cameras on tripods and drones, this study investigated lateralization in frequency and duration of social behavior patterns, in affiliative, agonistic, and resting contexts, in a feral population of horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Northern Portugal, consisting of 37 individuals organized in eight harem groups. Affiliative interactions (including grooming) were more often performed, and lasted longer, when recipients were positioned to the right side. In recumbent resting (animals lying down) episodes on the left side lasted longer. Our results of an affiliative behavior having a right side tendency, provide partial support to the valence-specific hypothesis of Ahern and Schwartz (1979) – left hemisphere dominance for positive affect, affiliative behaviors. Longer recumbent resting episodes on the left side may be due to synchronization. However, in both instances it is discussed how lateralization may be context dependent. Investigating the position asymmetries of social behaviors in feral equids will contribute to a better understanding of differential lateralization and hemispheric specialization from the ecological and evolutionary perspectives. |
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0376-6357 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6697 |
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da Cruz, A.B.; Hirata, S.; dos Santos, M.E.; Mendonça, R.S. |
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Title |
Show me your best side: Lateralization of social and resting behaviors in feral horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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206 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104839 |
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Keywords |
Cerebral lateralization; Drone technology; ; Hemispheric specialization; Horses; Social interactions |
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Abstract |
Growing evidence shows a variety of sensorial and motor asymmetries in social and non-social interactions in various species, indicating a lateralized processing of information by the brain. Using digital video cameras on tripods and drones, this study investigated lateralization in frequency and duration of social behavior patterns, in affiliative, agonistic, and resting contexts, in a feral population of horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Northern Portugal, consisting of 37 individuals organized in eight harem groups. Affiliative interactions (including grooming) were more often performed, and lasted longer, when recipients were positioned to the right side. In recumbent resting (animals lying down) episodes on the left side lasted longer. Our results of an affiliative behavior having a right side tendency, provide partial support to the valence-specific hypothesis of Ahern and Schwartz (1979) – left hemisphere dominance for positive affect, affiliative behaviors. Longer recumbent resting episodes on the left side may be due to synchronization. However, in both instances it is discussed how lateralization may be context dependent. Investigating the position asymmetries of social behaviors in feral equids will contribute to a better understanding of differential lateralization and hemispheric specialization from the ecological and evolutionary perspectives. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6711 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, M.; Wagner, C.; Kluth, G. et al. |
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Zur Nahrungsökologie der Wölfe (Canis lupus) in Deutschland. |
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2011 |
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Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung |
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36 |
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117-128 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6690 |
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Hoelker, S. |
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Title |
Typologie der deutschen Pferdehaltung – Eine empirische Studie mittels Two-Step-Clusteranalyse |
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2016 |
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Berichte über Landwirtschaft Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft |
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94 |
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3 |
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BMEL |
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Bonn |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6643 |
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Bandini , E.; Motes-Rodrigo, A.; Steele, M.P.; Rutz, C.; Tennie, C. |
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Title |
Examining the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of animal tool behaviour |
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2020 |
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Biology Letters |
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Biol. Lett. |
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16 |
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2020122 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6660 |
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Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. |
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Title |
Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates |
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2009 |
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BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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9 |
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1 |
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12 |
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Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. |
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1471-2148 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 |
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6637 |
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Author |
Wotschikowsky, U. |
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Wölfe und Jäger in der Oberlausitz |
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2007 |
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Broschüre, Freundeskreis freilebender Wölfe |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6691 |
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