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| Author | Nguyen, N.H.; Klein, E.D.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Imitation of a two-action sequence by pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication  |
Psychonomic bulletin & review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 514-518 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Columbidae; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning | ||||
| Abstract | Developmental psychologists have described imitation as a process that suggests perspective-taking abilities. However, imitative behavior has been found in animals, which are generally not considered capable of taking the perspective of another. Previous studies with birds have demonstrated the imitation of a single response (sometimes referred to as action-level imitation). In the present experiment, we examined the extent to which pigeons would imitate an unfamiliar sequence of two behaviors (sometimes referred to as program-level imitation). Our results indicate that, although there are individual differences, pigeons show a significant tendency to match a demonstrated sequence of behavior involving, first, a response to a treadle (pecking at it or stepping on it) and, second, pushing aside a screen that blocks access to food (a left-vs.-right push). | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1069-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16235638 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 221 | ||
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| Author | Clement, T.S.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Choice based on exclusion in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Psychonomic bulletin & review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 959-964 |
| Keywords | Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Choice Behavior; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Memory, Short-Term; *Problem Solving; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Transfer (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | When humans acquire a conditional discrimination and are given a novel-sample-comparison choice, they often reject a comparison known to be associated with a different sample and choose the alternative comparison by default (or by exclusion). In Experiment 1, we found that if, following matching training, we replaced both of the samples, acquisition took five times longer than if we replaced only one of the samples. Apparently, the opportunity to reject one of the comparisons facilitated the association of the other sample with the remaining comparison. In Experiment 2, we first trained pigeons to treat two samples differently (to associate Sample A with Comparison 1 and Sample B with Comparison 2) and then trained them to associate one of those samples with a new comparison (e.g., Sample A with Comparison 3) and to associate a novel sample (Sample C) with a different, new comparison (Comparison 4). When Sample B then replaced Sample C, the pigeons showed a significant tendency to choose Comparison 4 over Comparison 3. Thus, when given the opportunity, pigeons will choose by exclusion. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1069-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15000545 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 233 | ||
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| Author | Clement, T.S.; Feltus, J.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | “Work ethic” in pigeons: reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication |
Psychonomic bulletin & review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 100-106 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Reward; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Stimuli associated with less effort or with shorter delays to reinforcement are generally preferred over those associated with greater effort or longer delays to reinforcement. However, the opposite appears to be true of stimuli that follow greater effort or longer delays. In training, a simple simultaneous discrimination followed a single peck to an initial stimulus (S+FR1 S-FR1) and a different simple simultaneous discrimination followed 20 pecks to the initial stimulus (S+FR20 S-FR20). On test trials, pigeons preferred S+FR20 over S+FR1 and S-FR20 over S-FR1. These data support the view that the state of the animal immediately prior to presentation of the discrimination affects the value of the reinforcement that follows it. This contrast effect is analogous to effects that when they occur in humans have been attributed to more complex cognitive and social factors. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1069-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10780022 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 248 | ||
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| Author | Clement, T.S.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Development of a single-code/default coding strategy in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication |
Psychological science : a journal of the American Psychological Society / APS | Abbreviated Journal | Psychol Sci |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 261-264 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; Retention (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | We tested the hypothesis that pigeons could use a cognitively efficient coding strategy by training them on a conditional discrimination (delayed symbolic matching) in which one alternative was correct following the presentation of one sample (one-to-one), whereas the other alternative was correct following the presentation of any one of four other samples (many-to-one). When retention intervals of different durations were inserted between the offset of the sample and the onset of the choice stimuli, divergent retention functions were found. With increasing retention interval, matching accuracy on trials involving any of the many-to-one samples was increasingly better than matching accuracy on trials involving the one-to-one sample. Furthermore, following this test, pigeons treated a novel sample as if it had been one of the many-to-one samples. The data suggest that rather than learning each of the five sample-comparison associations independently, the pigeons developed a cognitively efficient single-code/default coding strategy. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0956-7976 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11273414 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 246 | ||
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| Author | Roper, K.L.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Directed forgetting in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication |
Psychological bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | Psychol Bull |
| Volume | 113 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 513-532 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Columbidae; Conditioning (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders/*psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Directed-forgetting research with animals suggests that animals show disrupted test performance only under certain conditions. Important variables are (a) whether during training, the cue to forget (F cue) signals nonreward (i.e., that the trial is over) versus reward (i.e., that reinforcement can be obtained) and (b) given that reinforcement can be obtained on F-cue trials, whether the post-F-cue response pattern is compatible with the baseline memory task. It is proposed that some findings of directed forgetting can be attributed to trained response biases, whereas others may be attributable perhaps to frustration-produced interference. It is suggested that directed forgetting in animals should be studied using procedures similar to those used to study directed forgetting in humans. This can be accomplished by presenting, within a trial, both to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten material. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0033-2909 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8316612 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 259 | ||
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| Author | Tibbetts, E.A. | ||||
| Title | Visual signals of individual identity in the wasp Polistes fuscatus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 269 | Issue | 1423 | Pages | 1423-1428 |
| Keywords | hymenoptera; individual-recognition; learning-insect | ||||
| Abstract | Individual recognition is an essential component of interactions in many social systems, but insects are often thought incapable of the sophistication necessary to recognize individuals. If this were true, it would impose limits on the societies that insects could form. For example, queens and workers of the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus form a linear dominance hierarchy that determines how food, work and reproduction are divided within the colony. Such a stable hierarchy would be facilitated if individuals of different ranks have some degree of recognition. P. fuscatus wasps have, to our knowledge, previously undocumented variability in their yellow facial and abdominal markings that are intriguing candidates for signals of individual identity. Here, I describe these highly variable markings and experimentally test whether P. fuscatus queens and workers use these markings to identify individual nest-mates visually. I demonstrate that individuals whose yellow markings are experimentally altered with paint receive more aggression than control wasps who are painted in a way that does not alter their markings. Further, aggression declines towards wasps with experimentally altered markings as these novel markings become familiar to their nestmates. This evidence for individual recognition in P. fuscatus indicates that interactions between insects may be even more complex than previously anticipated. Full |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 929 | Serial | 4732 | ||
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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
| Title | What are big brains for? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 4141-4142 |
| Keywords | Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11929989 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 692 | ||
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| Author | Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social intelligence, innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 4436-4441 |
| Keywords | Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Evolution; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Despite considerable current interest in the evolution of intelligence, the intuitively appealing notion that brain volume and “intelligence” are linked remains untested. Here, we use ecologically relevant measures of cognitive ability, the reported incidence of behavioral innovation, social learning, and tool use, to show that brain size and cognitive capacity are indeed correlated. A comparative analysis of 533 instances of innovation, 445 observations of social learning, and 607 episodes of tool use established that social learning, innovation, and tool use frequencies are positively correlated with species' relative and absolute “executive” brain volumes, after controlling for phylogeny and research effort. Moreover, innovation and social learning frequencies covary across species, in conflict with the view that there is an evolutionary tradeoff between reliance on individual experience and social cues. These findings provide an empirical link between behavioral innovation, social learning capacities, and brain size in mammals. The ability to learn from others, invent new behaviors, and use tools may have played pivotal roles in primate brain evolution. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, High Street, Madingley, Cambridge CB3 8AA, United Kingdom | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11891325 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2149 | |||
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| Author | Sachs, E. | ||||
| Title | Dissociation of learning in rats and its similarities to dissociative states in man | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication |
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Psychopathological Association | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Annu Meet Am Psychopathol Assoc |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | Pages | 249-304 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Avoidance Learning; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Conflict (Psychology); *Dissociative Disorders; Fear; Humans; *Learning; Rats | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0091-7389 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4862744 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2814 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Social learning and innovative behaviour in horses | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | social learning, innovative behaviour, Equus caballus, cognitive capacities | ||||
| Abstract | The evaluation of important parameters for measuring the horses’ cognitive capacities is one of the central topics of the equine behaviour team at Nürtingen-Geislingen University. Social complexity has been said to be one of the settings in which needs for cognitive capacities arise in animals. A variety of studies throughout the last two decades proved the horses’ social complexity to be far more elaborate than previously assumed. Horses form social bonds for the protection of offspring, intervene in encounters of others, identify group mates individually and easily orientate in a fission fusion society. In such socially complex societies, animals will benefit from learning socially. In many bird and primate species the degree of social complexity correlates nicely with the species abilities for social learning. Social learning was, therefore, argued to be an indicator for elaborate mental capacities in animals. We were delighted to prove that horses actually copy social behaviour and techniques for operating a feeding apparatus from older and higher ranking group members. In a recent study we found young horses, at the age of 3 to 12, to copy the operation of a feeding apparatus from a human demonstrator. Social learning seems to work nicely in horses when the social background of the animals is considered. The degree to which individual animals adapt to changes in their social or physical environment by finding innovative solution appears to be the other side of the coin, of whether animals adjust to challenges by social learning. It is not very astonishing, that along with the animals’ social complexity and their ability to learn socially also the degree to which they show innovative behaviour was claimed to be one of the most important demonstrations of advanced cognitive capacities. In a recent approach, we started to ask horse owners and horse keepers in many countries to tell us about unusual behaviour of their horses via a web site (http://innovative-behaviour.org). To date, we received 204 cases of innovative behaviour descriptions from which six cases were clear examples of tool use or borderline tool use. We categorized the innovative behaviours into the classes, a) innovations to gain food, b) innovations to gain freedom, c) social innovations, d) innovations to increase maintenance, and e) innovations that could not be clearly assigned to a category. About 20% of the innovative horses showed more than one innovation. These animals could be termed “true innovators”. Again, young horses were more innovative than older ones with the age group 5 – 9 showing the highest number of innovative behaviour descriptions. In a nutshell, the horses’ cognitive capacities appear to be underestimated throughout the last decades. The horses’ social complexity is far more elaborate than previously assumed, horses learn socially from conspecific and humans, some of them demonstrate innovative behaviour adaptations to their environment and even simple forms of tool use. |
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| Corporate Author | Krueger, K. | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | Xenophon Publishing | Place of Publication | Wald | Editor | |
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | in prep | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-95625-000-2 | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5848 | ||
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