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Seghrouchni, M.; Elkasraoui, H.; Piro, M.; Alyakine, H.; Bouayad, H.; Chakir, J.; Tligui, N.; Elallali, K.; Azrib, R. |
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Title |
Osteoarticular radiographic findings of the distal forelimbs in Tbourida Horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication  |
Heliyon |
Abbreviated Journal |
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5 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e02514 |
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Animal science; Pathophysiology; Animal behavior; Animal breeding; Veterinary medicine; Veterinary science; Horse; Radiographic findings; Forelimb; X-ray; Tbourida |
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Abstract |
Tbourida is a traditional Moroccan equestrian sport in which 15 horses gallop 200 m in a line while riders fire into the sky with muskets. The stop is the finale and representative demands of this equestrian event. Such particular sudden stop after a fast gallop requires a hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Indeed, it is well known that Tbourida show predisposes horses to different injuries of the hard and soft tissues of the distal forelimbs. Yet, there is a paucity of research that examined such lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time the type and the prevalence of osteoarticular findings in the distal forelimbs of Tbourida horses using radiographic images. The study was conducted on 127 Tbourida horses aged between 2.5 and 15 years old with 6-year-old horses being the most affected. Data analysis showed that 93,7% of horses exhibit degenerative joint lesions of the fetlock, 86,6% showed ossification of the ungual cartilage, 78,7% had enthesophytes associated with the deep digital flexor tendons, 81,1% had enthesophytes associated with the suspensory ligament branches, and 19,6% showed a particular exostosis on the first phalanx. This large number of lesions reflects how this sport is difficult for horses and also argues that animals are suffering from a lack of welfare and care in their husbandry management. |
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2405-8440 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6672 |
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Jarausch, A.; Harms, V.; Kluth, G.; Reinhardt, I.; Nowak, C. |
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Title |
How the west was won: genetic reconstruction of rapid wolf recolonization into Germany's anthropogenic landscapes |
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Year |
2021 |
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Heredity |
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Heredity |
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Following massive persecution and eradication, strict legal protection facilitated a successful reestablishment of wolf packs in Germany, which has been ongoing since 2000. Here, we describe this recolonization process by mitochondrial DNA control-region sequencing, microsatellite genotyping and sex identification based on 1341 mostly non-invasively collected samples. We reconstructed the genealogy of German wolf packs between 2005 and 2015 to provide information on trends in genetic diversity, dispersal patterns and pack dynamics during the early expansion process. Our results indicate signs of a founder effect at the start of the recolonization. Genetic diversity in German wolves is moderate compared to other European wolf populations. Although dispersal among packs is male-biased in the sense that females are more philopatric, dispersal distances are similar between males and females once only dispersers are accounted for. Breeding with close relatives is regular and none of the six male wolves originating from the Italian/Alpine population reproduced. However, moderate genetic diversity and inbreeding levels of the recolonizing population are preserved by high sociality, dispersal among packs and several immigration events. Our results demonstrate an ongoing, rapid and natural wolf population expansion in an intensively used cultural landscape in Central Europe. |
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1365-2540 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jarausch2021 |
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6638 |
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Lim, M.M.; Young, L.J. |
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Title |
Neuropeptidergic regulation of affiliative behavior and social bonding in animals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hormon. Behav. |
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50 |
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4 |
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506-517 |
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Keywords |
Vasopressin receptor; Oxytocin receptor; Social recognition; Social behavior; Pair bond; Autism; Neuropeptides |
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Social relationships are essential for maintaining human mental health, yet little is known about the brain mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of social bonds. Animal models are powerful tools for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms regulating the cognitive processes leading to the development of social relationships and for potentially extending our understanding of the human condition. In this review, we discuss the roles of the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in the regulation of social bonding as well as related social behaviors which culminate in the formation of social relationships in animal models. The formation of social bonds is a hierarchical process involving social motivation and approach, the processing of social stimuli and formation of social memories, and the social attachment itself. Oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated in each of these processes. Specifically, these peptides facilitate social affiliation and parental nurturing behavior, are essential for social recognition in rodents, and are involved in the formation of selective mother-infant bonds in sheep and pair bonds in monogamous voles. The convergence of evidence from these animal studies makes oxytocin and vasopressin attractive candidates for the neural modulation of human social relationships as well as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with disruptions in social behavior, including autism. |
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0018-506x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6416 |
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Author |
Passilongo, D.; Marchetto, M.; Apollonio, M. |
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Title |
Singing in a wolf chorus: structure and complexity of a multicomponent acoustic behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Hysterix |
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28 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
180-185 |
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Wolf choruses ( Canis lupus ) are complex, multicomponent signals, composed by a series of different vocalizations emitted by a pack. Although howls, the main component, have been highly studied, poor attention has been drawn upon the other vocalizations of the chorus. In this study, we investigate the structure of the chorus by means of the analysis and the quantification of the different components, taking advantage both of the digital sound recording and analysis, and of the modern statistical methodologies. We provide for the first time a detailed, objective description of the types of call emitted during the wolf howlings, combining spectrographic examinations, spectral analyses and automated classifications, with the aim to identify different types of call. Our results show that wolf choruses have a rich, complex structure, that reveals six other types of call, to be added to those howls already described in literature. Wolf choruses are typically composed by other three different types of calls: the bark, i.e. relatively long calls characterized by low frequencies and the presence of harsh components (deterministic chaos); the whimper, characterized by a harmonic structure and a very short duration; and the growl, a call with a noisy structure, low frequencies but relative long duration. Although further investigations are necessary to understand the meaning of the different calls, this research provides a basis for those studies that aim to compare wolves and other canids vocal behaviour. |
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0394-1914 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2017 |
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6441 |
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Author |
GONÇALVES DA SILVA, A.; CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, A.; ZAVADA, M.S. |
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Title |
On tapir ecology, evolution and conservation: what we know and future perspectives–part II |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Integrative Zoology |
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8 |
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1 |
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1-3 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1749-4877 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6141 |
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Author |
Kruska, D. |
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Mammalian domestication and its effect on brain structure and behavior |
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1988 |
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Intelligence and Evolutionary Biology |
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Springer-Verlag |
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New York |
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Jerison, H.J.; Jerison, I. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1988 |
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6232 |
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Author |
Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Mengoli, M.; Sighieri, C. |
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Title |
Encoding the Object Position for Assessment of Short Term Spatial Memory in Horses (Equus caballus) |
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2011 |
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International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
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24 |
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3 |
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In this study, the detour problem was combined with the classic delayed-response task to investigate equine short-term spatial memory. Test subjects were eight female horses, divided into two groups (A and B) of four subjects each. The motivating object was made to move and disappear behind one oftwo identical obstacles in a two-point-choice apparatus. After a 10 s (Group A) or 30 s (Group B) delay the animal was released to seek the object. Both groups made more correct (14.8 ± 1.3 forGroup A and 13.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) than incorrect choices (5.3 ± 1.3 for Group A and6.5 ± 3.1 for Group B, mean ± SD) and the performance of each group was significantly above chance level (z = 4.14, p = 0.000, for Group A and z = 3.02, p = 0.002, for Group B). Therefore, tested animals were able to recover the object by approaching the correct obstacle after 10 s or 30 s delays, showing that they had encoded and recovered from memory the existence of the target object and its location. |
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2168-3344 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6178 |
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Author |
Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A. |
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Title |
Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves |
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2006 |
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International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Comp. Psychol |
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19 |
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2 |
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223-240 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6526 |
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Author |
Burke, C.; Rashman, M.; Wich, S.; Symons, A.; Theron, C.; Longmore, S. |
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Title |
Optimizing observing strategies for monitoring animals using drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
439-467 |
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ABSTRACTThe proliferation of relatively affordable off-the-shelf drones offers great opportunities for wildlife monitoring and conservation. Similarly the recent reduction in the cost of thermal infrared cameras also offers new promise in this field, as they have the advantage over conventional RGB cameras of being able to distinguish animals based on their body heat and being able to detect animals at night. However, the use of drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras comes with several technical challenges. In this article, we address some of these issues, namely thermal contrast problems due to heat from the ground, absorption and emission of thermal infrared radiation by the atmosphere, obscuration by vegetation, and optimizing the flying height of drones for a best balance between covering a large area and being able to accurately image and identify animals of interest. We demonstrate the application of these methods with a case study using field data and make the first ever detection of the critically endangered riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis) in thermal infrared data. We provide a web-tool so that the community can easily apply these techniques to other studies (http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/aricburk/uav_calc/). |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0143-1161 |
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doi: 10.1080/01431161.2018.1558372 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6528 |
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Author |
Blanco, J.C.; Yolanda, C. |
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Title |
Surveying wolves without snow: a critical review of the methods used in Spain. Hystrix |
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2012 |
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Ital J Mammal |
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23 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blanco2012 |
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6460 |
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