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Author Bandini , E.; Motes-Rodrigo, A.; Steele, M.P.; Rutz, C.; Tennie, C.
Title Examining the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of animal tool behaviour Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication (up) Biology Letters Abbreviated Journal Biol. Lett.
Volume 16 Issue 2020122 Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6660
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Author Galef, B.G.; Laland, K.N.
Title Social Learning in Animals: Empirical Studies and Theoretical Models Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication (up) BioScience Abbreviated Journal
Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 489-499
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Abstract AbstractThe last two decades have seen a virtual explosion in empirical research on the role of social interactions in the development of animals' behavioral repertoires, and a similar increase in attention to formal models of social learning. Here we first review recent empirical evidence of social influences on food choice, tool use, patterns of movement, predator avoidance, mate choice, and courtship, and then consider formal models of when animals choose to copy behavior, and which other animals' behavior they copy, together with empirical tests of predictions from those models.
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ISSN 0006-3568 ISBN Medium
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Notes 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0489:Sliaes]2.0.Co;2 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6398
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Author Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S.
Title Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication (up) BMC Evolutionary Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 12
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Abstract Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood.
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ISSN 1471-2148 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 Serial 6637
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Author Janczarek, I.; Stachurska, A.; Kedzierski, W.; Wisniewska, A.; Ryzak, M.; Koziol, A.
Title The intensity of physiological and behavioral responses of horses to predator vocalizations Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication (up) BMC Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 431
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Abstract Predatory attacks on horses can become a problem in some parts of the world, particularly when considering the recovering gray wolf populations. The issue studied was whether horses transformed by humans and placed in stable-pasture environments had retained their natural abilities to respond to predation risk. The objective of the study was to determine the changes in cardiac activity, cortisol concentrations, and behavior of horses in response to the vocalizations of two predators: the gray wolf (Canis lupus), which the horses of the breed studied had coevolved with but not been exposed to recently, and Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr), from which the horses had been mostly isolated. In addition, we hypothesized that a higher proportion of Thoroughbred (TB) horse ancestry in the pedigree would result in higher emotional excitability in response to predator vocalizations. Nineteen horses were divided into groups of 75%, 50% and 25% TB ancestry. The auditory test conducted in a paddock comprised a 10-min prestimulus period, a 5-min stimulus period when one of the predators was heard, and a 10-min poststimulus period without any experimental stimuli.
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ISSN 1746-6148 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Janczarek2020 Serial 6624
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Author Kruska, D.C.T.
Title On the evolutionary significance of encephalization in some eutherian mammals: effects of adaptive radiation, domestication, and feralization Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication (up) Brain Behav Evol Abbreviated Journal
Volume 65 Issue Pages
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska2005 Serial 6235
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Author Macphail, E.M.
Title Cognitive function in mammals: the evolutionary perspective Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication (up) Brain research. Cognitive brain research Abbreviated Journal Brain Res Cogn Brain Res
Volume 3 Issue 3-4 Pages 279-290
Keywords Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology; Evolution; Humans; Learning/*physiology; Task Performance and Analysis
Abstract The work of behavioural pharmacologists has concentrated on small animals, such as rodents and pigeons. The validity of extrapolation of their findings to humans depends upon the existence of parallels in both physiology and psychology between these animals and humans. This paper considers the question whether there are in fact substantial cognitive parallels between, first, different non-human groups of vertebrates and, second, non-humans and humans. Behavioural data from 'simple' tasks, such as habituation and conditioning, do not point to species differences among vertebrates. Using examples that concentrate on the performance of rodents and birds, it is argued that, similarly, data from more complex tasks (learning-set formation, transitive inference, and spatial memory serve as examples) reveal few if any cognitive differences amongst non-human vertebrates. This conclusion supports the notion that association formation may be the critical problem-solving process available to non-human animals; associative mechanisms are assumed to have evolved to detect causal links between events, and would therefore be relevant in all ecological niches. In agreement with this view, recent advances in comparative neurology show striking parallels in functional organisation of mammalian and avian telencephalon. Finally, it is argued that although the peculiarly human capacity for language marks a large cognitive contrast between humans and non-humans, there is good evidence-in particular, from work on implicit learning--that the learning mechanisms available to non--humans are present and do play an important role in human cognition.
Address Department of Psychology, University of York at Heslington, UK
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0926-6410 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:8806029 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 603
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Author Lefebvre, L.; Reader, S.M.; Sol, D.
Title Brains, Innovations and Evolution in Birds and Primates Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication (up) Brain, Behavior and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Brain. Behav. Evol.
Volume 63 Issue 4 Pages 233-246
Keywords Innovation W Brain evolution W Hyperstriatum ventrale W Neostriatum W Isocortex W Birds W Primates W Tool use W Invasion biology
Abstract Abstract

Several comparative research programs have focusedon the cognitive, life history and ecological traits thataccount for variation in brain size. We review one ofthese programs, a program that uses the reported frequencyof behavioral innovation as an operational measureof cognition. In both birds and primates, innovationrate is positively correlated with the relative size of associationareas in the brain, the hyperstriatum ventrale andneostriatum in birds and the isocortex and striatum inprimates. Innovation rate is also positively correlatedwith the taxonomic distribution of tool use, as well asinterspecific differences in learning. Some features ofcognition have thus evolved in a remarkably similar wayin primates and at least six phyletically-independent avianlineages. In birds, innovation rate is associated withthe ability of species to deal with seasonal changes in theenvironment and to establish themselves in new regions,and it also appears to be related to the rate atwhich lineages diversify. Innovation rate provides a usefultool to quantify inter-taxon differences in cognitionand to test classic hypotheses regarding the evolution ofthe brain.
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ISSN 0006-8977 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4738
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Author Cozzi, B.; Povinelli, M.; Ballarin, C.; Granato, A.
Title The Brain of the Horse: Weight and Cephalization Quotients Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication (up) Brain, Behavior and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Brain Behav Evol
Volume 83 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
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Abstract The horse is a common domestic animal whose anatomy has been studied since the XVI century. However, a modern neuroanatomy of this species does not exist and most of the data utilized in textbooks and reviews derive from single specimens or relatively old literature. Here, we report information on the brain of Equus caballus obtained by sampling 131 horses, including brain weight (as a whole and subdivided into its constituents), encephalization quotient (EQ), and cerebellar quotient (CQ), and comparisons with what is known about other relevant species. The mean weight of the fresh brains in our experimental series was 598.63 g (SEM ± 7.65), with a mean body weight of 514.12 kg (SEM ± 15.42). The EQ was 0.78 and the CQ was 0.841. The data we obtained indicate that the horse possesses a large, convoluted brain, with a weight similar to that of other hoofed species of like mass. However, the shape of the brain, the noteworthy folding of the neocortex, and the peculiar longitudinal distribution of the gyri suggest an evolutionary specificity at least partially separate from that of the Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals and cetaceans) with whom Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals) are often grouped.
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ISSN 0006-8977 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6592
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Author Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A.
Title The opening of milk bottles by birds Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication (up) British Birds Abbreviated Journal British Birds
Volume Issue 42 Pages 347-357
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6525
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Author Wotschikowsky, U.
Title Wölfe und Jäger in der Oberlausitz Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication (up) Broschüre, Freundeskreis freilebender Wölfe Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6691
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