| Records |
| Author |
Sinclair, M.; Buhrmann, G.; Gummow, B. |
| Title |
An epidemiological investigation of the African horsesickness outbreak in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in 2004 and its relevance to the current equine export protocol |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication  |
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J S Afr Vet Assoc |
| Volume |
77 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
191-196 |
| Keywords |
African Horse Sickness/diagnosis/*epidemiology; African horse sickness virus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/virology; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Female; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sentinel Surveillance; South Africa/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage |
| Abstract |
African Horsesickness (AHS) is a controlled disease in South Africa. The country is divided into an infected area and a control area. An outbreak of AHS in the control area can result in a ban of exports for at least 2 years. A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out on data collected during the 2004 AHS outbreak in the surveillance zone of the AHS control area in the Western Cape Province. The objective of this study was to describe the 2004 outbreak and compare it with the 1999 AHS outbreak in the same area. As part of the investigation, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the 30 km radius surrounding the index case. Spatial, temporal and population patterns for the outbreak are described. The investigation found that the outbreak occurred before any significant rainfall and that the main AHS vector (Culicoides imicola) was present in abundance during the outbreak. Furthermore, 63% of cases occurred at temperatures < or = 15 degrees C, the Eerste River Valley was a high risk area, only 17% of owners used vector protection as a control measure and 70% of horses in the outbreak area were protected by means of vaccination at the start of the outbreak. The study revealed that the current AHS control measures do not function optimally because of the high percentage of vaccinated horses in the surveillance zone, which results in insufficient sentinel animals and the consequent failure of the early warning system. Alternative options for control that allow continued export are discussed in the paper. |
| Address |
State Veterinarian Epidemiology, Elsenburg, South Africa. marnas@elsenburg.com |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1019-9128 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17458343 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2354 |
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| Author |
Nevin, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
An analysis of contrast effects in multiple schedules |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
305-315 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Birds; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; *Extinction, Psychological; Male; Reaction Time; *Reinforcement (Psychology) |
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0022-5002 |
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| Notes |
PMID:5961499 |
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no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
392 |
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| Author |
Biederman, G.B.; Robertson, H.A.; Vanayan, M. |
| Title |
Observational learning of two visual discriminations by pigeons: a within-subjects design |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-49 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Visual Perception |
| Abstract |
Pigeon's observational learning of successive visual discrimination was studied using within-subject comparisons of data from three experimental conditions. Two pairs of discriminative stimuli were used; each bird was exposed to two of the three experimental conditions, with different pairs of stimuli used in a given bird's two conditions. In one condition, observers were exposed to visual discriminative stimuli only. In a second condition, subjects were exposed to a randomly alternating sequence of two stimuli where the one that would subsequently be used as S+ was paired with the operation of the grain magazine. In a third experimental condition, subjects were exposed to the performance of a conspecific in the operant discrimination procedure. After exposures to conspecific performances, there was facilitation of discriminative learning, relative to that which followed exposures to stimulus and reinforcement sequences or exposures to stimulus sequences alone. Exposure to stimulus and food-delivery sequences enhanced performance relative to exposure to stimulus sequences alone. The differential effects of these three types of exposure were not attributable to order effects or to task difficulty; rather, they clearly were due to the type of exposure. |
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English |
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0022-5002 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:3746187 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
853 |
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| Author |
Dougherty, D.M.; Lewis, P. |
| Title |
Stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
97-104 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Attention; *Conditioning, Operant; *Discrimination Learning; Female; *Generalization, Stimulus; Horses/*psychology; Male; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Size Perception |
| Abstract |
Using horses, we investigated three aspects of the stimulus control of lever-pressing behavior: stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift. Nine solid black circles, ranging in size from 0.5 in. to 4.5 in. (1.3 cm to 11.4 cm) served as stimuli. Each horse was shaped, using successive approximations, to press a rat lever with its lip in the presence of a positive stimulus, the 2.5-in. (6.4-cm) circle. Shaping proceeded quickly and was comparable to that of other laboratory organisms. After responding was maintained on a variable-interval 30-s schedule, stimulus generalization gradients were collected from 2 horses prior to discrimination training. During discrimination training, grain followed lever presses in the presence of a positive stimulus (a 2.5-in circle) and never followed lever presses in the presence of a negative stimulus (a 1.5-in. [3.8-cm] circle). Three horses met a criterion of zero responses to the negative stimulus in fewer than 15 sessions. Horses given stimulus generalization testing prior to discrimination training produced symmetrical gradients; horses given discrimination training prior to generalization testing produced asymmetrical gradients. The peak of these gradients shifted away from the negative stimulus. These results are consistent with discrimination, stimulus generalization, and peak-shift phenomena observed in other organisms. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens 45701 |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0022-5002 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:1940765 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1764 |
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| Author |
Dougherty, D.M.; Lewis, P. |
| Title |
Generalization of a tactile stimulus in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
521-528 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Horses; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Touch |
| Abstract |
Using horses, we investigated the control of operant behavior by a tactile stimulus (the training stimulus) and the generalization of behavior to six other similar test stimuli. In a stall, the experimenters mounted a response panel in the doorway. Located on this panel were a response lever and a grain dispenser. The experimenters secured a tactile-stimulus belt to the horse's back. The stimulus belt was constructed by mounting seven solenoids along a piece of burlap in a manner that allowed each to provide the delivery of a tactile stimulus, a repetitive light tapping, at different locations (spaced 10.0 cm apart) along the horse's back. Two preliminary steps were necessary before generalization testing: training a measurable response (lip pressing) and training on several reinforcement schedules in the presence of a training stimulus (tapping by one of the solenoids). We then gave each horse two generalization test sessions. Results indicated that the horses' behavior was effectively controlled by the training stimulus. Horses made the greatest number of responses to the training stimulus, and the tendency to respond to the other test stimuli diminished as the stimuli became farther away from the training stimulus. These findings are discussed in the context of behavioral principles and their relevance to the training of horses. |
| Address |
Human Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030 |
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English |
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0022-5002 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:8315368 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3571 |
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| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Feldman, J. |
| Title |
Animal behavior case of the month. Aggression toward a neonatal foal by its dam |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
203 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1279-1280 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Horses/*psychology; *Maternal Behavior; Rejection (Psychology); Restraint, Physical/veterinary |
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| Address |
Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401 |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8253618 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
36 |
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| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Smith, R. |
| Title |
Animal behavior case of the month |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
203 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
377-378 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*psychology; *Weaning |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401 |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:8226214 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
37 |
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| Author |
Dallmeyer, M.D.; Turner, R.M.; McDonnell, S.M.; Sertich, P.L.; Dolente, B.A.; Parente, E.J.; Diaz, O.M.S. |
| Title |
Theriogenology question of the month. Behavior problems in a stallion caused by a nephrolith |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
229 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
511-513 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/physiopathology/surgery/*ultrasonography; Horses/*physiology; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/surgery/ultrasonography/*veterinary; Male; Sperm Count/*veterinary; *Sperm Motility; Treatment Outcome |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA |
| Corporate Author |
American College of Theriogenologists |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:16910847 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1865 |
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| Author |
Kaiser, L.; Heleski, C.R.; Siegford, J.; Smith, K.A. |
| Title |
Stress-related behaviors among horses used in a therapeutic riding program |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
228 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
39-45 |
| Keywords |
Adult; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Child; *Disabled Persons; Female; Horses/*psychology; Humans; Male; *Mentally Disabled Persons; Occupational Therapy/methods; Recreation; Risk Factors; Stress/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether therapeutic riding resulted in higher levels of stress or frustration for horses than did recreational riding and whether therapeutic riding with at-risk individuals was more stressful for the horses than was therapeutic riding with individuals with physical or emotional handicaps. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 14 horses in a therapeutic riding program. PROCEDURE: An ethogram of equine behaviors was created, and horses were observed while ridden by 5 groups of riders (recreational riders, physically handicapped riders, psychologically handicapped riders, at risk children, and special education children). Number of stress-related behaviors (ears pinned back, head raised, head turned, head tossed, head shaken, head down, and defecation) was compared among groups. RESULTS: No significant differences in mean number of stress-related behaviors were found when horses were ridden by recreational riders, physically handicapped riders, psychologically handicapped riders, or special education children. However, mean number of stress-related behaviors was significantly higher when horses were ridden by the at-risk children. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that for horses in a therapeutic riding program, being ridden by physically or psychologically handicapped individuals is no more stressful for the horses than is being ridden in the same setting by recreational riders. However, at-risk children caused more stress to the horses, suggesting that the time horses are ridden by at-risk children should be limited both daily and weekly. |
| Address |
Human-Animal Bond Initiative, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:16426164 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1879 |
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| Author |
Kaiser, L.; Smith, K.A.; Heleski, C.R.; Spence, L.J. |
| Title |
Effects of a therapeutic riding program on at-risk and special education children |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume |
228 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
46-52 |
| Keywords |
Adolescent; Anger; Animals; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Child; Child Behavior; *Child Psychology; Disabled Persons/*psychology/rehabilitation; Female; Horses; Humans; Mainstreaming (Education); Male; Mothers/*psychology; Occupational Therapy/*methods; Recreation; Self Efficacy; Sports/*psychology |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a therapeutic riding program on psychosocial measurements among children considered at risk for poor performance or failure in school or life and among children in special education programs. DESIGN: Observational study. POPULATION: 17 at-risk children (6 boys and 11 girls) and 14 special education children (7 boys and 7 girls). PROCEDURE: For the at-risk children, anger, anxiety, perceived self-competence, and physical coordination were assessed. For the special education children, anger and cheerfulness were measured, and the children's and their mothers' perceptions of the children's behavior were assessed. Measurements were made before and after an 8-session therapeutic riding program. RESULTS: For boys enrolled in the special education program, anger was significantly decreased after completion of the riding program. The boys' mothers also perceived significant improvements in their children's behavior after completion of the program. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that an 8-session therapeutic riding program can significantly decrease anger in adolescent boys in a special education program and positively affect their mothers' perception of the boys' behavior. |
| Address |
Human-Animal Bond Initiative, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16426165 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1880 |
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