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Author |
Pauw, J. |
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Title |
Therapeutic Horseback Riding Studies: Problems Experienced by Researchers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication  |
Physiotherapy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiotherapy |
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86 |
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10 |
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523-527 |
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Keywords |
Therapeutic horseback riding; t-tests; logistic regression; statistically significant; clinically meaningful |
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Abstract |
Summary Since the therapeutic use of horse riding has been realised, several research studies investigating the physical and psychosocial effect of therapeutic riding have been conducted. A summary is given of therapeutic riding research studies where formal statistical tests were used to analyse the data as well as a summary of studies where different techniques were used to process the data. These summaries give an overview of the variables measured in previously conducted therapeutic riding studies. The general problems experienced by therapeutic riding researchers are given after the summaries. Possible explanations are discussed for some of these problems. In conclusion a few suggestions are given for future research, not only for therapeutic riding studies, but for any study where the effect of a therapeutic intervention is investigated. |
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0031-9406 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5066 |
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Author |
Proops, L.; McComb, K.; Reby, D. |
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Title |
Cross-modal individual recognition in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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106 |
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3 |
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947-951 |
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Keywords |
animal cognition vocal communication social behavior playback experiment expectancy violation |
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Individual recognition is considered a complex process and, although it is believed to be widespread across animal taxa, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this ability are poorly understood. An essential feature of individual recognition in humans is that it is cross-modal, allowing the matching of current sensory cues to identity with stored information about that specific individual from other modalities. Here, we use a cross-modal expectancy violation paradigm to provide a clear and systematic demonstration of cross-modal individual recognition in a nonhuman animal: the domestic horse. Subjects watched a herd member being led past them before the individual went of view, and a call from that or a different associate was played from a loudspeaker positioned close to the point of disappearance. When horses were shown one associate and then the call of a different associate was played, they responded more quickly and looked significantly longer in the direction of the call than when the call matched the herd member just seen, an indication that the incongruent combination violated their expectations. Thus, horses appear to possess a cross-modal representation of known individuals containing unique auditory and visual/olfactory information. Our paradigm could provide a powerful way to study individual recognition across a wide range of species. |
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10.1073/pnas.0809127105 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4689 |
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Kraft, C.N.; Urban, N.; Ilg, A.; Wallny, T.; Scharfstadt, A.; Jager, M.; Pennekamp, P.H. |
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[Influence of the riding discipline and riding intensity on the incidence of back pain in competitive horseback riders] |
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Year |
2007 |
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Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ der Gesellschaft fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sportverletz Sportschaden |
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21 |
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1 |
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29-33 |
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Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Female; Horses; Humans; Incidence; Low Back Pain/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; *Sports/physiology |
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INTRODUCTION: The connection between morphologic changes of the spine and the intensity of training has been assessed for a number of sport activities. The influence of horseback riding on the spine has only rarely been evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate to what degree horseback riders suffer from back pain and whether there is an association between this parameter and the category i. e. the intensity of horseback riding. Furthermore we wanted to judge whether riding may have a positive effect on pre-existent back pain. METHODS: 508 horseback riders (63.2 % females; 36.8 % males) competing in either dressage, showjumping or vaulting were interviewed using a questionnaire. Apart from biometric data, the intensity with which riding was performed and the localisation and intensity (VAS) of back pain was assessed. Furthermore, in the case of existing back pain, riders were asked whether different riding disciplines and paces changed the intensity of pain. RESULTS: 300 dressage riders (59.1 %), 188 showjumpers (37.0 %) and 20 vaulters (3.9 %) with an average age of 33.5 Jahre (12 – 77 years) were questioned. The incidence of back pain was 72.5 %. A significant correlation between back pain and riding discipline respectively gender or riding level could not be found. Discrepancies in VAS-score for dressage riders (3.95 +/- 0.13), show jumpers (4.10 +/- 0.16) and vaulters (3.76 +/- 0.5) were marginal and not significant (p > 0.05). Overall 58.7 % resp. 15.2 % reported to have pain in the lumbar i.e cervical spine. Despite the fact that a large fraction of dressage riders claimed to have problems in these spine areas with 57.7 % resp. 68.8 %, this finding was not significant compared to the other riding disciplines. While 61.6 % of dressage riders reported an improvement of their back pain when riding, this was only the case in 40.9 % of show jumpers. CONCLUSION: Compared to the general population, a high incidence of back pain is found among riders. A significant correlation between the intensity of riding or the riding discipline and frequency or severity of back pain could not be found. For riders with pre-existent back pain the pace “walk” seems to have a positive influence on pain intensity. |
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Klinik und Poliklinik fur Orthopadie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf. clayton.kraft@med.uni-duesseldorf.de |
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German |
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Einfluss der Reitdisziplin und -intensitat auf die Inzidenz von Ruckenschmerzen bei Reitsportlern |
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0932-0555 |
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PMID:17385102 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3706 |
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Bentley, T.; Macky, K.; Edwards, J. |
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Injuries to New Zealanders participating in adventure tourism and adventure sports: an analysis of Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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The New Zealand Medical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
N Z Med J |
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119 |
Issue |
1247 |
Pages |
U2359 |
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Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Athletic Injuries/*economics/*epidemiology; Back Injuries/epidemiology; Bicycling/economics/injuries; Female; Humans; Insurance Claim Reporting/*statistics & numerical data; Insurance, Liability/*utilization; Male; Middle Aged; Mountaineering/economics/injuries; New Zealand/epidemiology; *Risk-Taking; Skiing/economics/injuries; Sprains and Strains/epidemiology |
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AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of adventure tourism and adventure sports activity in injury claims made to the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC). METHODS: Epidemiological analysis of ACC claims for the period, July 2004 to June 2005, where adventure activities were involved in the injury. RESULTS: 18,697 adventure tourism and adventure sports injury claims were identified from the data, representing 28 activity sectors. Injuries were most common during the summer months, and were most frequently located in the major population centres. The majority of injuries were incurred by claimants in the 20-50 years age groups, although claimants over 50 years of age had highest claims costs. Males incurred 60% of all claims. Four activities (horse riding, mountain biking, tramping/hiking, and surfing) were responsible for approximately 60% of all adventure tourism and adventure sports-related injuries. Slips, trips, and falls were the most common injury initiating events, and injuries were most often to the back/spine, shoulder, and knee. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the need to investigate whether regulatory intervention in the form of codes of practice for high injury count activities such as horse riding and mountain biking may be necessary. Health promotion messages and education programs should focus on these and other high-injury risk areas. Improved risk management practices are required for commercial adventure tourism and adventure sports operators in New Zealand if safety is to be improved across this sector. |
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Department of Management and International Business Massey University, Auckland. T.A.Bentley@massey.ac.nz |
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1175-8716 |
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PMID:17195852 |
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1843 |
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de Cocq, P.; van Weeren, P.R.; Back, W. |
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Saddle pressure measuring: Validity, reliability and power to discriminate between different saddle-fits |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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The Veterinary Journal |
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172 |
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2 |
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265-273 |
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Horse; Pressure; Back; Saddle; Saddle-fit |
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Saddle-fit is recognised as an important factor in the pathogenesis of back problems in horses and is empirically being evaluated by pressure measurements in clinical practice, although not much is known about the validity, reliability and usability of these devices in the equine field. This study was conducted to assess critically a pressure measurement system marketed for evaluating saddle fit. Validity was tested by calculating the correlation coefficient between total measured pressure and the weight of 28 different riders. Reliability and discriminative power with respect to different saddle fitting methods were evaluated in a highly standardised, paired measurement set-up in which saddle-fit was quantified by air-pressure values inside the panels of the saddle. Total pressures under the saddle correlated well with riders’ weight. A large increase in over-day sensor variation was found. Within trial intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were excellent, but the between trial ICCs varied from poor to excellent and the variation in total pressure was high. In saddles in which the fit was adjusted to individual asymmetries of the horse, the pressure measurement device was able to detect correctly air-pressure differences between the two panels in the back area of the saddle, but not in the front area. The device yielded valid results, but was only reliable in highly standardised conditions. The results question the indiscriminate use of current saddle pressure measurement devices for the quantitative assessment of saddle-fit under practical conditions and suggest that further technical improvement may be necessary. |
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1090-0233 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5819 |
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Landman, M.A.A.M.; de Blaauw, J.A.; van Weeren, P.R.; Hofland, L.J. |
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Field study of the prevalence of lameness in horses with back problems |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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155 |
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6 |
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165-168 |
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Animals; Back Pain/epidemiology/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology; Horses; Lameness, Animal/epidemiology; Netherlands/epidemiology; Osteoarthritis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Prevalence; Records/veterinary; Retrospective Studies |
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A population of 805 horses (70 per cent dressage, 20 per cent show jumpers and 10 per cent trotters) with orthopaedic problems was examined for signs of lameness and back problems, irrespective of their original complaints. In the horses with a back problem the prevalence of lameness was 74 per cent, and back problems were diagnosed in 32 per cent of the lame horses. These percentages were significantly higher than those recorded in a control population of 399 horses, of which 20 per cent were lame and 12 per cent had back problems. In the group of horses with orthopaedic problems there was a strong association between lameness and back problems and, in particular, there was a high prevalence of lameness among the horses with back problems. |
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Bodegraven Equine Clinic, Zuidzijde 63, NL-2411 RT Bodegraven, The Netherlands |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:15357376 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3717 |
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Huebener, E. |
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How the Horse-Appropriate “Self-Acting” Leg Aid Could Be Better Communicated. |
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2006 |
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Tierärztliche Umschau |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierärztl. Umschau |
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8 |
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403 |
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cultured riding – horse-rider-harmony – sensitive-invisible aids – saving the backs of both horse and rider |
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From the base to the top of the sport horses are being coerced into “obedience” or the performance of exercises by force. Campaigns against the “Rollkur” or “Hyperflexion” fill the media. However the root of evil lies a lot deeper. The base of cultured riding in high harmony between horse and rider are sensitive, almost invisible aids which are being timed by the movements of the horse's back and trunk. Anchoring the knowledge of this interrelation in rider's minds has to this day been unsuccessful. |
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yes |
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refbase @ user @ |
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