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Author Emery, N.J.; Clayton, N.S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 306 Issue 5703 Pages 1903-1907  
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  Abstract Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1098410 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2959  
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Author Gallup GG openurl 
  Title Chimpanzees: self-recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 167 Issue Pages 86  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2997  
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Author Jolly, A. doi  openurl
  Title Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence Type Journal Article
  Year 1966 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 153 Issue 3735 Pages 501 - 506  
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  Abstract Our human intellect has resulted from an enormous leap in capacity above the level of monkeys and apes. Earlier, though, Old and New World monkeys' intelligence outdistanced that of other mammals, including the prosimian primates. This first great advance in intelligence probably was selected through interspecific competition on the large continents. However, even at this early stage, primate social life provided the evolutionary context of primate intelligence.

Two arguments support this conclusion. One is ontogenetic: modern monkeys learn so much of their social behavior, and learn their behavior toward food and toward other species through social example. The second is phylogenetic: some prosimians, the social lemurs, have evolved the usual primate type of society and social learning without the capacity to manipulate objects as monkeys do. It thus seems likely that the rudiments of primate society preceded the growth of primate intelligence, made it possible, and determined its nature.		  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3010  
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Author Premack D; Woodruff G openurl 
  Title Chimpanzee problem-solving: a test for comprehension Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 202(3) Issue Pages 532  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3034  
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Author Zentall TR; Levine JM openurl 
  Title Observational learning and social facilitation in the rat Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 178 Issue Pages 1220  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3053  
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Author Clayton NS; Dickinson A openurl 
  Title Rational rats Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 472  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3061  
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Author Silk, J.B. url  doi
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  Title Social Components of Fitness in Primate Groups Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1347-1351  
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  Abstract There is much interest in the evolutionary forces that favored the evolution of large brains in the primate order. The social brain hypothesis posits that selection has favored larger brains and more complex cognitive capacities as a means to cope with the challenges of social life. The hypothesis is supported by evidence that shows that group size is linked to various measures of brain size. But it has not been clear how cognitive complexity confers fitness advantages on individuals. Research in the field and laboratory shows that sophisticated social cognition underlies social behavior in primate groups. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests that the quality of social relationships has measurable fitness consequences for individuals.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1140734 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4239  
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Author Pennisi, E. url  doi
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  Title PSYCHOLOGY: Nonhuman Primates Demonstrate Humanlike Reasoning Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1308-  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4240  
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Author Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D. url  doi
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  Title The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1402-1405  
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  Abstract Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4241  
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Author Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D. doi  openurl
  Title online material Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2007 Publication (up) Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 317 Issue 5843 Pages 1402-1405  
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  Abstract Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1144663 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4242  
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