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Author | Husted, L.; Andersen, M.S.; Borggaard, O.K.; Houe, H.; Olsen, S.N. | ||||
Title | Risk factors for faecal sand excretion in Icelandic horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 37 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 351-355 |
Keywords | Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Denmark; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control; Horses/*metabolism; Logistic Models; Male; Pilot Projects; *Poaceae/growth & development; Risk Factors; Silicon Dioxide/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analysis; Soil/*analysis | ||||
Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Sandy soil is often mentioned as a risk factor in the development of sand-related gastrointestinal disease (SGID) in the horse. There are other variables, but few studies confirm any of these. OBJECTIVE: To investigate soil type, pasture quality, feeding practice in the paddock, age, sex and body condition score as risk factors for sand intake in the horse. METHODS: Faeces were collected from 211 Icelandic horses on 19 different studs in Denmark together with soil samples and other potential risk factors. Sand content in faeces determined by a sand sedimentation test was interpreted as evidence of sand intake. Soil types were identified by soil analysis and significance of the data was tested using logistic analysis. RESULTS: Of horses included in the study, 56.4% showed sand in the faeces and 5.7% had more than 5 mm sand as quantified by the rectal sleeve sedimentation test. Soil type had no significant effect when tested as main effect, but there was interaction between soil type and pasture quality. Significant interactions were also found between paddock feeding practice and pasture quality. CONCLUSION: To evaluate the risk of sand intake it is important to consider 3 variables: soil type, pasture quality and feeding practice. Pasture quality was identified as a risk factor of both short and long grass in combination with sandy soil, while clay soil had the lowest risk in these combinations. Feeding practice in the paddock revealed feeding directly on the ground to be a risk factor when there was short (1-5 cm) or no grass. Also, no feeding outdoors increased the risk on pastures with short grass, while this had no effect in paddocks with no grass. More than 50% of all horses investigated in this study had sand in the faeces. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The identification of risk factors is an important step towards prevention of SGID. Further research is necessary to determine why some horses exhibit more than 5 mm sand in the sedimentation test and whether this is correlated with geophagic behaviour. | ||||
Address | Department of Large Animal Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Dyrlaegevej 88, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:16028626 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1888 | |||
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Author | Mouritsen, K.N. | ||||
Title | Hitch-hiking parasite: a dark horse may be the real rider | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | International Journal for Parasitology | Abbreviated Journal | Int J Parasitol |
Volume | 31 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 1417-1420 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Ecology; Host-Parasite Relations; Snails/*parasitology; Trematoda/growth & development/*physiology; Trematode Infections/transmission | ||||
Abstract | Many parasites engaged in complex life cycles manipulate their hosts in a way that facilitates transmission between hosts. Recently, a new category of parasites (hitch-hikers) has been identified that seem to exploit the manipulating effort of other parasites with similar life cycle by preferentially infecting hosts already manipulated. Thomas et al. (Evolution 51 (1997) 1316) showed that the digenean trematodes Microphallus papillorobustus (the manipulator) and Maritrema subdolum (the hitch-hiker) were positively associated in field samples of gammarid amphipods (the intermediate host), and that the behaviour of Maritrema subdolum rendered it more likely to infect manipulated amphipods than those uninfected by M. papillorobustus. Here I provide experimental evidence demonstrating that M. subdolum is unlikely to be a hitch-hiker in the mentioned system, whereas the lucky candidate rather is the closely related but little known species, Microphallidae sp. no. 15 (Parassitologia 22 (1980) 1). As opposed to the latter species, Maritrema subdolum does not express the appropriate cercarial behaviour for hitch-hiking. | ||||
Address | Department of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Finlandsgade 14, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. kim.mouritsen@stonebow.otago.ac.nz | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0020-7519 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11595227 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2645 | ||
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Author | Callinan, A.P. | ||||
Title | The ecology of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus axei | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | International Journal for Parasitology | Abbreviated Journal | Int J Parasitol |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 453-456 |
Keywords | Animals; Ecology; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Sheep; Trichostrongyloidea/*growth & development | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0020-7519 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:748218 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2697 | ||
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Author | Swanson, J.C. | ||||
Title | Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 2744-2751 |
Keywords | Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animal Rights/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*growth & development/*physiology; Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Cattle; Chickens; Environment; Reproduction/physiology; Sheep; Swine | ||||
Abstract | Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal “feels” when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science. | ||||
Address | Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8582867 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2752 | ||
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Author | Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D. | ||||
Title | Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 279-283 |
Keywords | Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing | ||||
Abstract | A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to a survey designed to better characterize early management of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in feeding practices was evident and while well over half of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized to a lesser extent. |
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Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5758 | ||
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Author | Strickman, D. | ||||
Title | Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Medical Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | J Med Entomol |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 399-402 |
Keywords | Animals; Cattle; Diptera/*growth & development; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Geography; Horses; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology/veterinary; Male; Paraguay | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0022-2585 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:7154018 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2690 | ||
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Author | Washino, R.K.; Tempelis, C.H. | ||||
Title | Host-feeding patterns of Anopheles freeborni in the Sacramento Valley, California | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1967 | Publication | Journal of Medical Entomology | Abbreviated Journal | J Med Entomol |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 311-314 |
Keywords | Animals; Anopheles/*growth & development; California; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Horses; Humans; *Insect Vectors; Rabbits; Rodentia; Swine | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0022-2585 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:6052143 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2745 | ||
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Author | Branchi, I.; Bichler, Z.; Berger-Sweeney, J.; Ricceri, L. | ||||
Title | Animal models of mental retardation: from gene to cognitive function | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 141-153 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified/growth & development; Behavior/physiology; Behavior, Animal; Brain/*growth & development; Cognition/*physiology; *Disease Models, Animal; Environment; Genes; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/physiopathology; Humans; Mental Retardation/classification/*genetics/*physiopathology | ||||
Abstract | About 2-3% of all children are affected by mental retardation, and genetic conditions rank among the leading causes of mental retardation. Alterations in the information encoded by genes that regulate critical steps of brain development can disrupt the normal course of development, and have profound consequences on mental processes. Genetically modified mouse models have helped to elucidate the contribution of specific gene alterations and gene-environment interactions to the phenotype of several forms of mental retardation. Mouse models of several neurodevelopmental pathologies, such as Down and Rett syndromes and X-linked forms of mental retardation, have been developed. Because behavior is the ultimate output of brain, behavioral phenotyping of these models provides functional information that may not be detectable using molecular, cellular or histological evaluations. In particular, the study of ontogeny of behavior is recommended in mouse models of disorders having a developmental onset. Identifying the role of specific genes in neuropathologies provides a framework in which to understand key stages of human brain development, and provides a target for potential therapeutic intervention. | ||||
Address | Section of Behavioural Pathophysiology, Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia di Organo e di Sistema, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy. branchi@iss.it | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0149-7634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:12732230 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2805 | ||
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Author | Ogbourne, C.P. | ||||
Title | Variations in the fecundity of strongylid worms of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1971 | Publication | Parasitology | Abbreviated Journal | Parasitology |
Volume | 63 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 289-298 |
Keywords | Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Male; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Reproduction; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*etiology; Strongyloides/*growth & development; Time Factors | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0031-1820 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:5129804 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2727 | ||
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Author | No authors listed | ||||
Title | Workshop on the geographic spread of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the concern among public health authorities. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 19-20 December 1994 | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Parassitologia | Abbreviated Journal | Parassitologia |
Volume | 37 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 87-90 |
Keywords | *Aedes/growth & development/parasitology/virology; African horse sickness virus; Animals; Commerce; Dengue Virus; Dirofilaria; Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Europe; Humans; *Insect Vectors/growth & development/parasitology/virology; Italy; *Mosquito Control/methods/organization & administration; Public Health; Rift Valley fever virus | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0048-2951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8778669 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2659 | ||
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