Records |
Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
Title |
Socially learned preferences for differentially rewarded tokens in the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
133-139 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Choice Behavior; Female; *Learning; Male; *Reward; *Social Behavior |
Abstract |
Social learning is assumed to underlie traditions, yet evidence indicating social learning in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), which exhibit traditions, is sparse. The authors tested capuchins for their ability to learn the value of novel tokens using a previously familiar token-exchange economy. Capuchins change their preferences in favor of a token worth a high-value food reward after watching a conspecific model exchange 2 differentially rewarded tokens, yet they fail to develop a similar preference after watching tokens paired with foods in the absence of a conspecific model. They also fail to learn that the value of familiar tokens has changed. Information about token value is available in all situations, but capuchins seem to pay more attention in a social situation involving novel tokens. |
Address |
Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:15250800 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
173 |
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Author |
Soproni, K.; Miklósi, Á.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
Title |
Dogs' (Canis familiaris) responsiveness to human pointing gestures |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
116 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-34 |
Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Gestures; Male; *Recognition (Psychology); Species Specificity |
Abstract |
In a series of 3 experiments, dogs (Canis familiaris) were presented with variations of the human pointing gesture: gestures with reversed direction of movement, cross-pointing, and different arm extensions. Dogs performed at above chance level if they could see the hand (and index finger) protruding from the human body contour. If these minimum requirements were not accessible, dogs still could rely on the body position of the signaler. The direction of movement of the pointing arm did not influence the performance. In summary, these observations suggest that dogs are able to rely on relatively novel gestural forms of the human communicative pointing gesture and that they are able to comprehend to some extent the referential nature of human pointing. |
Address |
Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary. krisztinasoproni@hotmail.com |
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0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:11926681 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4962 |
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Author |
Soproni, K.; Miklósi, A.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
Title |
Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
Volume |
115 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
122-126 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Nonverbal Communication/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior |
Abstract |
On the basis of a study by D. J. Povinelli, D. T. Bierschwale, and C. G. Cech (1999), the performance of family dogs (Canis familiaris) was examined in a 2-way food choice task in which 4 types of directional cues were given by the experimenter: pointing and gazing, head-nodding (“at target”), head turning above the correct container (“above target”), and glancing only (“eyes only”). The results showed that the performance of the dogs resembled more closely that of the children in D. J. Povinelli et al.'s study, in contrast to the chimpanzees' performance in the same study. It seems that dogs, like children, interpret the test situation as being a form of communication. The hypothesis is that this similarity is attributable to the social experience and acquired social routines in dogs because they spend more time in close contact with humans than apes do, and as a result dogs are probably more experienced in the recognition of human gestures. |
Address |
Department of Ethology, Budapest, Hungary. lavina@ludens.elte.hu |
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0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:11459158 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4963 |
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Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
Title |
A concept of value during experimental exchange in brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
Volume |
75 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
317-330 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Choice Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; *Token Economy; Video Recording |
Abstract |
We evaluated the response of brown capuchin monkeys to two differentially valued tokens in an experimental exchange situation akin to a simple barter. Monkeys were given a series of three tests to evaluate their ability to associate tokens with food, then their responses were examined in a barter situation in which tokens were either limited or unlimited. Capuchins did not perform barter in the typical sense, returning the tokens which were associated with the reward. However, females, but not males, showed a different response, preferring the higher-value token. This may indicate that they learned to prefer one token over the other rather than to associate the tokens with their specific rewards. This sex difference parallels previous findings of greater reciprocity in female brown capuchins than in males. |
Address |
Living Links Center, Emory University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 N. Gatewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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ISSN |
0015-5713 |
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Notes |
PMID:15486443 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
170 |
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Author |
Hill, S.E.; Ryan, M.J. |
Title |
The role of model female quality in the mate choice copying behaviour of sailfin mollies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Lett |
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
203-205 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Choice Behavior; Female; Male; *Mating Preference, Animal; Poecilia/*physiology |
Abstract |
Female mate choice copying is a socially mediated mate choice behaviour, in which a male's attractiveness to females increases if he was previously chosen by another female as a mate. Although copying has been demonstrated in numerous species, little is known about the specific benefits it confers to copying females. Here we demonstrate that the mate choice behaviour of female sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) is influenced by the phenotypic quality of model females with whom males are observed consorting. Test females choosing between two males of similar body length were found to significantly increase time spent with previously non-preferred males after having observed them with a relatively high-quality female. Conversely, females were found to significantly decrease time spent with previously preferred males after having observed them with a relatively low-quality female. Female mate choice copying might be maintained by selection based on the heuristic value it provides females choosing between males whose quality differences are not easily distinguishable. |
Address |
University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, 1 University Station A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA. sehill@mail.utexas.edu |
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ISSN |
1744-9561 |
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PMID:17148362 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1820 |
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Author |
Friedrich, A.M.; Zentall, T.R. |
Title |
Pigeons shift their preference toward locations of food that take more effort to obtain |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Behavioural processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
67 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
405-415 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Choice Behavior; Columbidae; *Exertion; *Feeding Behavior; Reward |
Abstract |
Although animals typically prefer to exert less effort rather than more effort to obtain food, the present research shows that requiring greater effort to obtain food at a particular location appears to increase the value of that location. In Experiment 1, pigeons' initial preference for one feeder was significantly reduced by requiring 1 peck to obtain food from that feeder and requiring 30 pecks to obtain food from the other feeder. In Experiment 2, a similar decrease in preference was not found when pigeons received reinforcement from both feeders independently of the amount of effort required. These results are consistent with the within-trial contrast effect proposed by in which the relative hedonic value of a reward depends on the state of the animal immediately prior to the reward. The greater the improvement from that prior state the greater the value of the reinforcer. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA |
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ISSN |
0376-6357 |
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PMID:15518990 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
227 |
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Author |
Herrmann, E.; Melis, A.P.; Tomasello, M. |
Title |
Apes' use of iconic cues in the object-choice task |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Animal cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
118-130 |
Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; *Choice Behavior; *Cues; Female; Gorilla gorilla; Male; *Nonverbal Communication; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; Pongo pygmaeus; *Problem Solving; Space Perception; Species Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric |
Abstract |
In previous studies great apes have shown little ability to locate hidden food using a physical marker placed by a human directly on the target location. In this study, we hypothesized that the perceptual similarity between an iconic cue and the hidden reward (baited container) would help apes to infer the location of the food. In the first two experiments, we found that if an iconic cue is given in addition to a spatial/indexical cue – e.g., picture or replica of a banana placed on the target location – apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, gorillas) as a group performed above chance. However, we also found in two further experiments that when iconic cues were given on their own without spatial/indexical information (iconic cue held up by human with no diagnostic spatial/indexical information), the apes were back to chance performance. Our overall conclusion is that although iconic information helps apes in the process of searching hidden food, the poor performance found in the last two experiments is due to apes' lack of understanding of the informative (cooperative) communicative intention of the experimenter. |
Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. eherrman@eva.mpg.de |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:16395566 |
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no |
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Serial |
14 |
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Author |
Martin, T.I.; Zentall, T.R. |
Title |
Post-choice information processing by pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Animal cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
273-278 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Choice Behavior; *Columbidae; Discrimination Learning |
Abstract |
In a conditional discrimination (matching-to-sample), a sample is followed by two comparison stimuli, one of which is correct, depending on the sample. Evidence from previous research suggests that if the stimulus display is maintained following an incorrect response (the so-called penalty-time procedure), acquisition by pigeons is facilitated. The present research tested the hypothesis that the penalty-time procedure allows the pigeons to review and learn from the maintained stimulus display following an incorrect choice. It did so by including a penalty-time group for which, following an incorrect choice, the sample changed to match the incorrect comparison, thus providing the pigeons with post-choice 'misinformation.' This misinformation group acquired the matching task significantly slower than the standard penalty-time group (that had no change in the sample following an error). Furthermore, acquisition of matching by a control group that received no penalty time fell midway between the other two groups, suggesting that the pigeons did not merely take more care in making choices because of the aversiveness of penalty-time. Thus, it appears that in the acquisition of matching-to-sample, when the stimulus display is maintained following an incorrect choice, the pigeons can review or acquire information from the display. This is the first time that such an effect has been reported for a nonhuman species. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:15744507 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
225 |
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Author |
Ward, C.; Smuts, B.B. |
Title |
Quantity-based judgments in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
71-80 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Choice Behavior; Dogs; Female; Food; Male; *Size Perception |
Abstract |
We examined the ability of domestic dogs to choose the larger versus smaller quantity of food in two experiments. In experiment 1, we investigated the ability of 29 dogs (results from 18 dogs were used in the data analysis) to discriminate between two quantities of food presented in eight different combinations. Choices were simultaneously presented and visually available at the time of choice. Overall, subjects chose the larger quantity more often than the smaller quantity, but they found numerically close comparisons more difficult. In experiment 2, we tested two dogs from experiment 1 under three conditions. In condition 1, we used similar methods from experiment 1 and tested the dogs multiple times on the eight combinations from experiment 1 plus one additional combination. In conditions 2 and 3, the food was visually unavailable to the subjects at the time of choice, but in condition 2, food choices were viewed simultaneously before being made visually unavailable, and in condition 3, they were viewed successively. In these last two conditions, and especially in condition 3, the dogs had to keep track of quantities mentally in order to choose optimally. Subjects still chose the larger quantity more often than the smaller quantity when the food was not simultaneously visible at the time of choice. Olfactory cues and inadvertent cuing by the experimenter were excluded as mechanisms for choosing larger quantities. The results suggest that, like apes tested on similar tasks, some dogs can form internal representations and make mental comparisons of quantity. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 1012 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA. rameses@unich.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:16941158 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2440 |
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Author |
Naug, D.; Arathi, H.S. |
Title |
Sampling and decision rules used by honey bees in a foraging arena |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
117-124 |
Keywords |
Animals; Bees/*physiology; *Choice Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Flight, Animal |
Abstract |
Animals must continuously choose among various available options to exploit the most profitable resource. They also need to keep themselves updated about the values of all available options, since their relative values can change quickly due to depletion or exploitation by competitors. While the sampling and decision rules by which foragers profitably exploit a flower patch have attracted a great deal of attention in theory and experiments with bumble bees, similar rules for honey bee foragers, which face similar foraging challenges, are not as well studied. By presenting foragers of the honey bee Apis cerana with choice tests in a foraging arena and recording their behavior, we investigate possible sampling and decision rules that the foragers use to choose one option over another and to track other options. We show that a large part of the sampling and decision-making process of a foraging honey bee can be explained by decomposing the choice behavior into dichotomous decision points and incorporating the cost of sampling. The results suggest that a honey bee forager, by using a few simple rules as part of a Bayesian inference process, is able to effectively deal with the complex task of successfully exploiting foraging patches that consist of dynamic and multiple options. |
Address |
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. dhruba@lamar.colostate.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:16941157 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2441 |
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