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Bussières, G.; Jacques, C.; Lainay, O.; Beauchamp, G.; Leblond, A.; Cadoré, J.-L.; Desmaizières, L.-M.; Cuvelliez, S.G.; Troncy, E. |
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Title |
Development of a composite orthopaedic pain scale in horses |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Research in Veterinary Science |
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85 |
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2 |
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294-306 |
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Horse; Acute orthopaedic pain; Experimental model; Behaviour; Physiological parameters; Validation |
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This study addresses development and validation of a composite multifactorial pain scale (CPS) in an experimental equine model of acute orthopaedic pain. Eighteen horses were allocated to control (sedation with/without epidural analgesia – mixture of morphine, ropivacaine, detomidine and ketamine) and experimental groups: amphotericin-B injection in the tarsocrural joint induced pain and analgesia was either i.v. phenylbutazone administered post-induction of synovitis, or pre-emptive epidural mixture, or a pre-emptive combination of the 2. Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility was good (0.8<K<1). The key specific and sensitive behavioural indices were response to palpation of the painful area, posture, and, of lesser value, pawing on the floor, kicking at abdomen and head movement. Of particular interest was the statistical correlation observed between the CPS and both non-invasive blood pressure (P<0.0001) and blood cortisol (P<0.002). This study established the value of some behavioural and physiological criteria in determining equine orthopaedic pain intensity and clearly demonstrated that pre-emptive, multimodal analgesia provided better management than the two other protocols tested. |
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0034-5288 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6707 |
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Author |
Krapp, A.; Bachmann I.; Troxler, J. |
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Title |
Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung |
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2008 |
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Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde |
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150 |
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4 |
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186-187 |
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Erarbeitung eines Lösungsansatzes zur Optimierung
des eingeschränkten Liegeverhaltens rangniedriger
Pferde in Gruppenhaltung |
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Das Liegeverhalten von Pferden in Gruppenhaltung 2008.pdf |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5306 |
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Knubben,; J. M. Knubben; Gygax,; L. Gygax; Auer,; J. Auer; Fürst,; A. Fürst; Stauffacher,; Dr. M. Stauffacher |
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Title |
Häufigkeiten von Erkrankungen und Verletzungen in der Schweizer Pferdepopulation |
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2008 |
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Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde |
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150 |
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8 |
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399-408 |
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Bei einer für die Schweiz repräsentativ und zufällig ausgewählten Stichprobe von 2912 Pferden und Ponys wurden mittels Fragebogen Daten zum aktuellen Gesundheitszustand und zum Auftreten von Erkrankungen und Verletzungen während der vergangenen 12 Monate erfasst. 718 Pferde (24.7%) wurden im Erfassungszeitraum wegen 897 gesundheitlichen Problemen einem Tierarzt vorgestellt. Orthopädische und traumatische Fälle machten den grössten Anteil aus (41.5%), gefolgt von Erkrankungen des Gastrointestinal- (27.1%) und des Respirationstrakts (14.0%). Die Hälfte der Lahmheiten entstand als unmittelbare Folge einer Verletzung. Die Verletzungen waren assoziiert mit Weidegang/Auslauf (38.1%), Schläge/Bissen durch Artgenossen (21.6%), Stall (7.8%), Gelände (13.4%), Training (3.5%), Wettkampf (3.5%), Transport (3.0%) oder mit anderen Umständen (9.1%). In 26.5% der Kolikfälle wurde im Monat vor der Erkrankung Futterumstellung vorgenommen. Bei den Atmungserkrankungen wurde in 13.8% die gleiche Krankheit auch bei anderen Pferden im Stall diagnostiziert. Bei 8.1% aller Fälle erfolgte eine Operation, 6.7% waren mit einem mehrtägigem Klinikaufenthalt verbunden. Bei 25.6% aller tiermedizinisch diagnostizierten Fälle wurden ergänzend oder ausschliesslich komplementärmedizinische Therapiemethoden eingesetzt. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5761 |
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Author |
Li, W.; Howard, J.D.; Parrish, T.B.; Gottfried, J.A. |
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Title |
Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues |
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2008 |
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Science |
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Science |
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319 |
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5871 |
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1842-1845 |
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Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on accurate perception of predictive cues, but how aversive learning enhances perceptual acuity of sensory signals, particularly in humans, is unclear. We combined multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging with olfactory psychophysics to show that initially indistinguishable odor enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) become discriminable after aversive conditioning, paralleling the spatial divergence of ensemble activity patterns in primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Our findings indicate that aversive learning induces piriform plasticity with corresponding gains in odor enantiomer discrimination, underscoring the capacity of fear conditioning to update perceptual representation of predictive cues, over and above its well-recognized role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. That completely indiscriminable sensations can be transformed into discriminable percepts further accentuates the potency of associative learning to enhance sensory cue perception and support adaptive behavior. |
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10.1126/science.1152837 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4408 |
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Li, W.; Howard, J.D.; Parrish, T.B.; Gottfried, J.A. |
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Title |
Supporting Online Material to: Aversive Learning Enhances Perceptual and Cortical Discrimination of Indiscriminable Odor Cues |
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Miscellaneous |
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2008 |
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Science |
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Science |
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319 |
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5871 |
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1842-1845 |
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Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on accurate perception of predictive cues, but how aversive learning enhances perceptual acuity of sensory signals, particularly in humans, is unclear. We combined multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging with olfactory psychophysics to show that initially indistinguishable odor enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) become discriminable after aversive conditioning, paralleling the spatial divergence of ensemble activity patterns in primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Our findings indicate that aversive learning induces piriform plasticity with corresponding gains in odor enantiomer discrimination, underscoring the capacity of fear conditioning to update perceptual representation of predictive cues, over and above its well-recognized role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. That completely indiscriminable sensations can be transformed into discriminable percepts further accentuates the potency of associative learning to enhance sensory cue perception and support adaptive behavior. |
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10.1126/science.1152837 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4409 |
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Author |
Dugnol, B.; Fernández, C.; Galiano, G.; Velasco, J. |
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On a chirplet transform-based method applied to separating and counting wolf howls |
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2008 |
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Signal Process |
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88 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dugnol2008 |
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6466 |
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Scheiber, I. B.R.; WeiB, B. M.; Hirschenhauser, K.; Wascher, C. A.F.; Nedelcu, J.T.; Kotrschal, K. |
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Does 'Relationship Intelligence' Make Big Brains in Birds? |
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2008 |
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The Open Biology Journal |
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Open Biol J |
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1 |
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6-8 (3) |
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Lately, Emery et al. developed a bird-specific modification of the *social brain hypothesis*, termed *relationship intelligence hypothesis*. Although the idea may be valuable, we doubt that it is supported by sufficient evidence and critically discuss some of the arguments raised by the authors in favour of their new idea. |
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AKonrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle fur Ethologie, Fischerau 11, 4645 Gruenau im Almtal, Austria. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4504 |
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Weishaupt, M.A. |
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Title |
Adaptation strategies of horses with lameness |
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2008 |
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The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice |
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Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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24 |
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1 |
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79-100 |
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The skill to diagnose lameness in horses is paramount for every equine practitioner. Early recognition of locomotor deficiencies plays a central role in sports medicine management, preventing deterioration of the disease or catastrophic injuries. Horses use characteristic compensatory movements of specific body parts to decrease loading of the affected limb. This article describes the underlying changes in intra- and interlimb coordination and the resulting load redistribution between the limbs. This enables the practitioner to better understand the changes in movement associated with lameness. |
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Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. mweishaupt@vetclinics.uzh.ch |
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1558-4224 |
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PMID:18314037 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4372 |
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O'Grady, S.E. |
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Basic farriery for the performance horse |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice |
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Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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24 |
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1 |
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203-218 |
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Proper farriery promotes a healthy functional foot and biomechanical efficiency and prevents lameness. Because the equine veterinarian is responsible for the soundness of the horse, a working knowledge of farriery becomes essential. A thorough knowledge of traditional horseshoeing enables the veterinarian to interact with the farrier at the farrier's level; this ultimately enhances and promotes quality hoof care. This article focuses on fundamental farriery and recognizing subtle changes in hoof conformation that can be used to preserve the integrity of the hoof capsule, along with the structures enclosed within, and thus prevent lameness in the performance horse. |
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Northern Virginia Equine, 8170 Patrickswell Lane, Marshall, VA 20115, USA. sogrady@look.net |
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1558-4224 |
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PMID:18314044 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4373 |
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Geutjens, C.A.; Clayton, H.M.; Kaiser, L.J. |
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Forces and pressures beneath the saddle during mounting from the ground and from a raised mounting platform |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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The Veterinary Journal |
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175 |
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3 |
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332-337 |
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Electronic saddle mat; Total force; Peak pressure; Equestrian; Kinetics |
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The objective was to use an electronic pressure mat to measure and compare forces and pressures of the saddle on a horse's back when riders mounted from the ground and with the aid of a mounting platform. Ten riders mounted a horse three times each from the ground and from a 35 cm high mounting platform in random order. Total force (summation of forces over all 256 sensors) was measured and compared at specific points on the force-time curve. Total force was usually highest as the rider's right leg was swinging upwards and was correlated with rider mass. When normalized to rider mass, total force and peak pressure were significantly higher when mounting from the ground than from a raised platform (P < 0.05). The area of highest pressure was on the right side of the withers in 97% of mounting efforts, confirming the importance of the withers in stabilizing the saddle during mounting. |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4344 |
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