| Records |
| Author |
Alexander, F. |
| Title |
Factors affecting the blood sugar concentration in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1955 |
Publication  |
Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
24-31 |
| Keywords |
Blood Glucose/*analysis; *Horses; *BLOOD SUGAR/determination; *Horses |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0033-5541 |
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| Notes |
PMID:14371987 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
123 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F. |
| Title |
Some functions of the large intestine of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1952 |
Publication |
Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
205-214 |
| Keywords |
*Horses; *Intestine, Large; *Horses; *Intestine, Large |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0033-5541 |
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| Notes |
PMID:13014259 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
127 |
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| Author |
Alexander, F.; Benzie, D. |
| Title |
A radiological study of the digestive tract of the foal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1951 |
Publication |
Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
213-217 |
| Keywords |
Gastrointestinal Tract/*radiography; *Horses; *GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM/radiography; *Horses; *MYOCARDITIS/etiology and pathogenesis |
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English |
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0033-5541 |
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| Notes |
PMID:14892238 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
129 |
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| Author |
Gardner, E.L.; Engel, D.R. |
| Title |
Imitational and social facilitatory aspects of observational learning in the laboratory rat |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Psychonomic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychon. Sci. |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5-6 |
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| Abstract |
Rats acquired a food-motivated leverpressing response by “observational learning” or by trial-and-error learning under conditions of social facilitation or isolation. Both the observational learning and social facilitation Ss learned faster than did the isolated trial-and-error Ss. There was no difference in speed of learning between the observational learning and social facilitation groups. It is suggested that some previous studies purporting to demonstrate observational learning may have demonstrated socially facilitated trial-and-error learning instead. |
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0033-3131 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gardner1971 |
Serial |
6421 |
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| Author |
Clement, T.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
Development of a single-code/default coding strategy in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Psychological science : a journal of the American Psychological Society / APS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Sci |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
261-264 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; Retention (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
We tested the hypothesis that pigeons could use a cognitively efficient coding strategy by training them on a conditional discrimination (delayed symbolic matching) in which one alternative was correct following the presentation of one sample (one-to-one), whereas the other alternative was correct following the presentation of any one of four other samples (many-to-one). When retention intervals of different durations were inserted between the offset of the sample and the onset of the choice stimuli, divergent retention functions were found. With increasing retention interval, matching accuracy on trials involving any of the many-to-one samples was increasingly better than matching accuracy on trials involving the one-to-one sample. Furthermore, following this test, pigeons treated a novel sample as if it had been one of the many-to-one samples. The data suggest that rather than learning each of the five sample-comparison associations independently, the pigeons developed a cognitively efficient single-code/default coding strategy. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA |
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English |
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0956-7976 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11273414 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
246 |
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| Author |
Thomas R. Zentall |
| Title |
Animal Cognition: The Bridge BetweenAnimal Learning and Human Cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Psychological Science |
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| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
206-208 |
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Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3481 |
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| Author |
Daniel J. Povinelli; Timothy J. Eddy |
| Title |
Chimpanzees: Joint Visual Attention |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Sci |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
129 - 135 |
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| Abstract |
Gaze following is a behavior that draws the human infant into perceptual contact with objects or events in the world to which others are attending One interpretation of the development of this phenomenon is that it signals the emergence of joint or shared attention, which may be critical to the development of theory of mind An alternative interpretation is that gaze following is a noncognitive mechanism that exploits social stimuli in order to orient the infant (or adult) to important events in the world We report experimental results that chimpanzees display the effect in response to both movement of the head and eyes in concert and eve movement alone Additional tests indicate that chimpanzees appear able to (a) project an imaginary line of sight through invisible space and (b) understand How that line of sight can be impeded by solid, opaque objects This capacity may have arisen because of its reproductive payoffs in the context of social competition with conspecifics, predation avoidance, or both. |
| Address |
Laboratory of Comparative Behavioral Biology, New Iberia Research Center DOI – 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00345.x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4958 |
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| Author |
Beran, M.J.; Smith, J.D.; Perdue, B.M. |
| Title |
Language-Trained Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Name What They Have Seen but Look First at What They Have Not Seen |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Sci |
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Pages |
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Metacognition can be defined as knowing what one knows, and the question of whether nonhuman animals are metacognitive has driven an intense debate. We tested 3 language-trained chimpanzees in an information-seeking task in which the identity of a food item was the critical piece of information needed to obtain the food. The chimpanzees could either report the identity of the food immediately or first check a container in which the food had been hidden. In two experiments, the chimpanzees were significantly more likely to visit the container first on trials in which they could not know its contents but were more likely to just name the food item without looking into the container on trials in which they had seen its contents. Thus, chimpanzees showed efficient information-seeking behavior that suggested they knew what they had or had not already seen when it was time to name a hidden item. |
| Address |
1Language Research Center, Georgia State University |
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English |
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0956-7976 |
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| Notes |
PMID:23508741 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5659 |
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| Author |
Bonnie, K.E.; Horner, V.; Whiten, A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Spread of arbitrary conventions among chimpanzees: a controlled experiment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
274 |
Issue |
1608 |
Pages |
367-372 |
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| Abstract |
Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have a rich cultural repertoire--traditions common in some communities are not present in others. The majority of reports describe functional, material traditions, such as tool use. Arbitrary conventions have received far less attention. In the same way that observations of material culture in wild apes led to experiments to confirm social transmission and identify underlying learning mechanisms, experiments investigating how arbitrary habits or conventions arise and spread within a group are also required. The few relevant experimental studies reported thus far have relied on cross-species (i.e. human-ape) interaction offering limited ecological validity, and no study has successfully generated a tradition not involving tool use in an established group. We seeded one of two rewarded alternative endpoints to a complex sequence of behaviour in each of two chimpanzee groups. Each sequence spread in the group in which it was seeded, with many individuals unambiguously adopting the sequence demonstrated by a group member. In one group, the alternative sequence was discovered by a low ranking female, but was not learned by others. Since the action-sequences lacked meaning before the experiment and had no logical connection with reward, chimpanzees must have extracted both the form and benefits of these sequences through observation of others. |
| Address |
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. kebonni@emory.edu |
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0962-8452 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17164200 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
157 |
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| Author |
Flack, J.C.; Krakauer, D.C.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Robustness mechanisms in primate societies: a perturbation study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume |
272 |
Issue |
1568 |
Pages |
1091-1099 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/physiology; Animals; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Macaca nemestrina/*physiology; Male; *Models, Theoretical; Observation; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Conflict management mechanisms have a direct, critical effect on system robustness because they mitigate conflict intensity and help repair damaged relationships. However, robustness mechanisms can also have indirect effects on system integrity by facilitating interactions among components. We explore the indirect role that conflict management mechanisms play in the maintenance of social system robustness, using a perturbation technique to 'knockout' components responsible for effective conflict management. We explore the effects of knockout on pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) social organization, using a captive group of 84 individuals. This system is ideal in addressing this question because there is heterogeneity in performance of conflict management. Consequently, conflict managers can be easily removed without disrupting other control structures. We find that powerful conflict managers are essential in maintaining social order for the benefit of all members of society. We show that knockout of components responsible for conflict management results in system destabilization by significantly increasing mean levels of conflict and aggression, decreasing socio-positive interaction and decreasing the operation of repair mechanisms. |
| Address |
Santa Fe Institute, NM 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu |
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0962-8452 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16024369 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
165 |
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