Records |
Author |
Aberle, K.S.; Hamann, H.; Drögemüller, C.; Distl, O. |
Title |
Genetic diversity in German draught horse breeds compared with a group of primitive, riding and wild horses by means of microsatellite DNA markers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Gen. |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
270-277 |
Keywords |
diversity; endangered breeds; genetic variation; horse; microsatellite |
Abstract |
Summary We compared the genetic diversity and distance among six German draught horse breeds to wild (Przewalski's Horse), primitive (Icelandic Horse, Sorraia Horse, Exmoor Pony) or riding horse breeds (Hanoverian Warmblood, Arabian) by means of genotypic information from 30 microsatellite loci. The draught horse breeds included the South German Coldblood, Rhenish German Draught Horse, Mecklenburg Coldblood, Saxon Thuringa Coldblood, Black Forest Horse and Schleswig Draught Horse. Despite large differences in population sizes, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) differed little among the heavy horse breeds (0.64�0.71), but was considerably lower than in the Hanoverian Warmblood or Icelandic Horse population. The mean number of alleles (NA) decreased more markedly with declining population sizes of German draught horse breeds (5.2�6.3) but did not reach the values of Hanoverian Warmblood (NA = 6.7). The coefficient of differentiation among the heavy horse breeds showed 11.6% of the diversity between the heavy horse breeds, as opposed to 21.2% between the other horse populations. The differentiation test revealed highly significant genetic differences among all draught horse breeds except the Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldbloods. The Schleswig Draught Horse was the most distinct draught horse breed. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a clear distinction among the German draught horse breeds and even among breeds with a very short history of divergence like Rhenish German Draught Horse and its East German subpopulations Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldblood. |
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Blackwell Science Ltd |
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1365-2052 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5184 |
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Author |
Lee, P.C. |
Title |
Innovation as a behavioural response to environmental challenges |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
261-279 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
Editor |
S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6534 |
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Author |
Laland, K. N.; van Bergen, Y |
Title |
Experimental studies of innovation in the guppy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Pages |
155-174 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Ox |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6537 |
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Author |
Greenberg, R. |
Title |
The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behavour in birds |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6547 |
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Author |
Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K. |
Title |
Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Innovation |
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Volume |
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Pages |
83-116 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6548 |
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Author |
Sol, D. |
Title |
Behavioural flexibility: a neglected issue in the ecological and evolutionary literature |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal innovation. |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
63-82 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6532 |
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Author |
Dalla Costa, E.; Dai, F.; Lebelt, D.; Scholz, P.; Barbieri, S.; Canali, E.; Zanella, A.J.; Minero, M. |
Title |
Welfare assessment of horses: the AWIN approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Welf. |
Volume |
25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
481-488 |
Keywords |
Animal-Based; Measure; Indicator; Animal Welfare; Horse; On-Farm |
Abstract |
The EU-funded Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) research project (2011-2015) aimed to improve animal welfare through the development of practical on-farm animal welfare assessment protocols. The present study describes the application of the AWIN approach to the development of a welfare assessment protocol for horses (Equus caballus). Its development required the following steps: (i) selection of potential welfare indicators; (ii) bridging gaps in knowledge; (iii) consulting stakeholders; and (iv) testing a prototype protocol on-farm. Compared to existing welfare assessment protocols for other species, the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses introduces a number of innovative aspects, such as implementation of a two-level strategy focused on improving on-farm feasibility and the use of electronic tools to achieve standardised data collection and so promote rapid outcomes. Further refinement to the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses is needed in order to firstly gather data from a larger reference population and, secondly, enhance the welfare assessment protocol with reference to different horse housing and husbandry conditions. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6406 |
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Author |
Hiby, E.F.; Rooney, N.J.; Bradshaw, J.W.S. |
Title |
Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Welf. |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-69 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Historically, pet dogs were trained using mainly negative reinforcement or punishment, but positive reinforcement using rewards has recently become more popular. The methods used may have different impacts on the dogs� welfare. We distributed a questionnaire to 364 dog owners in order to examine the relative effectiveness of different training methods and their effects upon a pet dog�s behaviour. When asked how they trained their dog on seven basic tasks, 66% reported using vocal punishment, 12% used physical punishment, 60% praise (social reward), 51% food rewards and 11% play. The owner�s ratings for their dog�s obedience during eight tasks correlated positively with the number of tasks which they trained using rewards (P<0.01), but not using punishment (P=0.5). When asked whether their dog exhibited any of 16 common problematic behaviours, the number of problems reported by the owners correlated with the number of tasks for which their dog was trained using punishment (P<0.001), but not using rewards (P=0.17). Exhibition of problematic behaviours may be indicative of compromised welfare, because such behaviours can be caused byor result ina state of anxiety and may lead to a dog being relinquished or abandoned. Because punishment was associated with an increased incidence of problematic behaviours, we conclude that it may represent a welfare concern without concurrent benefits in obedience. We suggest that positive training methods may be more useful to the pet-owning community. |
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ISSN |
0962-7286 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hiby:2004:0962-7286:63 |
Serial |
6433 |
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Author |
Wolter, R.; Stefanski, V.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Parameters for the Analysis of Social Bonds in Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
191 |
Keywords |
feral horses; mutual grooming; social bonds; social bond analysis; spatial proximity |
Abstract |
Social bond analysis is of major importance for the evaluation of social relationships in group housed horses. However, in equine behaviour literature, studies on social bond analysis are inconsistent. Mutual grooming (horses standing side by side and gently nipping, nuzzling, or rubbing each other), affiliative approaches (horses approaching each other and staying within one body length), and measurements of spatial proximity (horses standing with body contact or within two horse-lengths) are commonly used. In the present study, we assessed which of the three parameters is most suitable for social bond analysis in horses, and whether social bonds are affected by individual and group factors. We observed social behaviour and spatial proximity in 145 feral horses, five groups of Przewalski�s horses (N = 36), and six groups of feral horses (N = 109) for 15 h per group, on three days within one week. We found grooming, friendly approaches, and spatial proximity to be robust parameters, as their correlation was affected only by the animals� sex (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.001, t = �2.7, p = 0.008) and the group size (GLMM: N = 145, SE < 0.001, t = 4.255, p < 0.001), but not by the horse breed, the aggression ratio, the social rank, the group, the group composition, and the individuals themselves. Our results show a trend for a correspondence between all three parameters (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.004, t = 1.95, p = 0.053), a strong correspondence between mutual grooming and friendly approaches (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.021, t = 3.922, p < 0.001), and a weak correspondence between mutual grooming and spatial proximity (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.04, t = 1.15, p = 0.25). We therefore suggest either using a combination of the proactive behaviour counts mutual grooming and friendly approaches, or using measurements of close spatial proximity, for the analysis of social bonds in horses within a limited time frame. |
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2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6428 |
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Author |
Marr, I.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K. |
Title |
Evidence for Right-Sided Horses Being More Optimistic than Left-Sided Horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
219 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
An individual's positive or negative perspective when judging an ambiguous stimulus (cognitive bias) can be helpful when assessing animal welfare. Emotionality, as expressed in approach or withdrawal behaviour, is linked to brain asymmetry. The predisposition to process information in the left or right brain hemisphere is displayed in motor laterality. The quality of the information being processed is indicated by the sensory laterality. Consequently, it would be quicker and more repeatable to use motor or sensory laterality to evaluate cognitive bias than to perform the conventional judgment bias test. Therefore, the relationship between cognitive bias and motor or sensory laterality was tested. The horses (n = 17) were trained in a discrimination task involving a box that was placed in either a “positive” or “negative” location. To test for cognitive bias, the box was then placed in the middle, between the trained positive and negative location, in an ambiguous location, and the latency to approach the box was evaluated. Results indicated that horses that were more likely to use the right forelimb when moving off from a standing position were more likely to approach the ambiguous box with a shorter latency (generalized linear mixed model, p < 0.01), and therefore displayed a positive cognitive bias (optimistic). |
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2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ani8120219 |
Serial |
6439 |
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