Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

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Author	Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R.
Title	Activity and task performance of hyperactive children as a function of environmental stimulation			Type	Journal Article
Year	1976	Publication	Journal of consulting and clinical psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J Consult Clin Psychol
Volume	44	Issue	5	Pages	693-697
Keywords	Achievement; Acoustic Stimulation; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Child; Humans; Hyperkinesis/etiology; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0022-006X	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:965541			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	272
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Author	Zentall, T.R.; Kaiser, D.H.
Title	Interval timing with gaps: gap ambiguity as an alternative to temporal decay			Type	Journal Article
Year	2005	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	31	Issue	4	Pages	484-486
Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Memory/physiology; Rats; Time Perception/*physiology
Abstract	C. V. Buhusi, D. Perera, and W. H. Meck (2005) proposed a hypothesis of timing in rats to account for the results of experiments that have used the peak procedure with gaps. According to this hypothesis, the introduction of a gap causes the animal's memory for the pregap interval to passively decay (subjectively shorten) in direct proportion to the duration and salience of the gap. Thus, animals should pause with short, nonsalient gaps but should reset their clock with longer, salient gaps. The present authors suggest that the ambiguity of the gap (i.e., the similarity between the gap and the intertrial interval in both appearance and relative duration) causes the animal to actively reset the clock and prevents adequate assessments of the fate of timed intervals prior to the gap. Furthermore, when the intertrial interval is discriminable from the gap, the evidence suggests that timed intervals prior to the gap are not lost but are retained in memory.
Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA. zentall@uky.edu
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:16248734			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	220
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Author	Zentall, T.R.; Klein, E.D.; Singer, R.A.
Title	Evidence for detection of one duration sample and default responding to other duration samples by pigeons may result from an artifact of retention-test ambiguity			Type	Journal Article
Year	2004	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	30	Issue	2	Pages	129-134
Keywords	Animals; Artifacts; Association Learning; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Recognition (Psychology); Retention (Psychology); Time Perception; *Transfer (Psychology)
Abstract	S. C. Gaitan and J. T. Wixted (2000) proposed that when pigeons are trained on a conditional discrimination to associate 1 duration sample with 1 comparison and 2 other duration samples with a 2nd comparison, they detect only the single duration, and on trials involving either of the 2 other duration samples, they respond to the other comparison by default. In 2 experiments, the authors show instead that pigeons lend to treat the retention intervals (such as those used by Gaitan and Wixted) as intertrial intervals, and thus, they tend to treat all trials with a delay as 0-s sample trials. The authors tested this hypothesis by showing that divergent retention functions do not appear when the retention interval is discriminably different from the intertrial interval.
Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA. zentall@uky.edu
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:15078122			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	232
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Author	Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R.; Neiman, E.
Title	Timing in pigeons: effects of the similarity between intertrial interval and gap in a timing signal			Type	Journal Article
Year	2002	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	28	Issue	4	Pages	416-422
Keywords	Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Mental Recall; Probability Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule; Retention (Psychology); Time Factors; *Time Perception/physiology
Abstract	Previous research suggests that when a fixed interval is interrupted (known as the gap procedure), pigeons tend to reset memory and start timing from 0 after the gap. However, because the ambient conditions of the gap typically have been the same as during the intertrial interval (ITI), ambiguity may have resulted. In the present experiment, the authors found that when ambient conditions during the gap were similar to the ITI, pigeons tended to reset memory, but when ambient conditions during the gap were different from the ITI, pigeons tended to stop timing, retain the duration of the stimulus in memory, and add to that time when the stimulus reappeared. Thus, when the gap was unambiguous, pigeons timed accurately.
Address	Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA. kaiserd@mail.ecu.edu
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:12395499			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	238
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Author	Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M.
Title	Transfer of value from S+ to S- in a simultaneous discrimination			Type	Journal Article
Year	1994	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	20	Issue	2	Pages	176-183
Keywords	Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Motivation; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Problem Solving; Reinforcement Schedule; *Transfer (Psychology)
Abstract	Value transfer theory has been proposed to account for transitive inference effects (L. V. Fersen, C. D. L. Wynne, J. D. Delius, & J. E. R. Staddon, 1991), in which following training on 4 simultaneous discriminations (A+B-, B+C-, C+D-, D+E-) pigeons show a preference for B over D. According to this theory, some of the value of reinforcement acquired by each S+ transfers to the S-. In the transitive inference experiment, C (associated with both reward and nonreward) can transfer less value to D than A (associated only with reward) can transfer to B. Support for value transfer theory was demonstrated in 2 experiments in which an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were always reinforced (S+) was preferred over an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were sometimes reinforced (S +/-).
Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:8189186			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	258
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Author	Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R.
Title	Transfer across delayed discriminations: evidence regarding the nature of prospective working memory			Type	Journal Article
Year	1992	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	18	Issue	2	Pages	154-173
Keywords	Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Mental Recall; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Problem Solving; Retention (Psychology); Transfer (Psychology)
Abstract	Pigeons were trained successively either on 2 delayed simple discriminations or on a delayed simple discrimination followed by delayed matching-to-sample. During subsequent transfer tests, the initial stimuli from the 1st task were substituted for those in the 2nd. Performances transferred immediately if both sets of initial stimuli had been associated with the presence versus absence of food on their respective retention tests, and the direction of transfer (positive or negative) depended on whether the substitution involved stimuli with identical or different outcome associates. No transfer was found, however, when the initial stimuli were associated with different patterns of responding but food occurred at the end of every trial. These results are consistent with outcome expectancy mediation but are incompatible with response intention and retrospective coding accounts.
Address	Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1364
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:1583445			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	260
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Author	Zentall, T.R.; Jackson-Smith, P.; Jagielo, J.A.; Nallan, G.B.
Title	Categorical shape and color coding by pigeons			Type	Journal Article
Year	1986	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	153-159
Keywords	Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Form Perception; Generalization, Stimulus; Psychophysics; Transfer (Psychology)
Abstract	Categorical coding is the tendency to respond similarly to discriminated stimuli. Past research indicates that pigeons can categorize colors according to at least three spectral regions. Two present experiments assessed the categorical coding of shapes and the existence of a higher order color category (all colors). Pigeons were trained on two independent tasks (matching-to-sample, and oddity-from-sample). One task involved red and a plus sign, the other a circle and green. On test trials one of the two comparison stimuli from one task was replaced by one of the stimuli from the other task. Differential performance based on which of the two stimuli from the other task was introduced suggested categorical coding rules. In Experiment 1 evidence for the categorical coding of sample shapes was found. Categorical color coding was also found; however, it was the comparison stimuli rather than the samples that were categorically coded. Experiment 2 replicated the categorical shape sample effect and ruled out the possibility that the particular colors used were responsible for the categorical coding of comparison stimuli. Overall, the results indicate that pigeons can develop categorical rules involving shapes and colors and that the color categories can be hierarchical.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:3701264			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	262
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Author	Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R.
Title	Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample			Type	Journal Article
Year	1986	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages	69-77
Keywords	Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Form Perception; Memory; Mental Recall; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Retention (Psychology)
Abstract	In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli). The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue-sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:3701260			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	263
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Author	Zentall, T.R.; Hogan, D.E.; Edwards, C.A.; Hearst, E.
Title	Oddity learning in the pigeon as a function of the number of incorrect alternatives			Type	Journal Article
Year	1980	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	6	Issue	3	Pages	278-299
Keywords	Animals; Choice Behavior; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning
Abstract	Pigeons' rate of learning a two-color oddity task increased as a function of the number of incorrect alternatives from 2 to 24 in Experiments 1, 2, and 3. In general, pigeons that were transferred from many-incorrect-alternative to two-incorrect-alternative oddity performed better than controls, but considerably below baseline (Experiments 2 and 3). In Experiment 4, pigeons showed no unconditioned tendency to peck the odd stimulus among 24 incorect alternatives, when pecks were nondifferentially reinforced, and in Experiment 5, when this procedure was preceded by oddity training, a progressive drop in odd-stimulus pecking was found. In Experiment 6, pigeons exposed to a nine-stimulus array in which the odd stimulus appeared (a) in the center or (b) separate from the array learned faster than when the odd stimulus was at the edge. This outcome suggests ththe figure-ground relation between the odd stimulus and the incorrect alternatives plays a role in the facilitation produced by increasing the number of incorrect alternatives but that poor performance on the standard, three-alternative oddity task appears to be due to center-odd trials which provide a difficult size or number discrimination.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:7391753			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	268
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Author	Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Miller, N.Y.; Shettleworth, S.J.
Title	What-where-when memory in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
Year	2006	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume	32	Issue	4	Pages	345-358
Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Memory/physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Space Perception/physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology; Teaching; Visual Perception/physiology
Abstract	The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed.
Address	Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
Area		Expedition		Conference
Notes	PMID:17044738			Approved	no
Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	357
Permanent link to this record