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Author Dewsbury, D.A.
Title Comparative Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication (up) Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 581-602
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3541
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Author Kamil, A.C.; Roitblat, H.L.
Title The Ecology of Foraging Behavior: Implications for Animal Learning and Memory Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication (up) Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 141-169
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3543
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Author de Waal, F.B.M.
Title Putting the Altruism Back into Altruism: The Evolution of Empathy Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication (up) Annual Review of Psychology Abbreviated Journal Annu Rev Psychol
Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 279-300
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Abstract Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it bears the performer. For return-benefits to play a motivational role, however, they need to be experienced by the organism. Motivational analyses should restrict themselves, therefore, to the altruistic impulse and its knowable consequences. Empathy is an ideal candidate mechanism to underlie so-called directed altruism, i.e., altruism in response to anothers's pain, need, or distress. Evidence is accumulating that this mechanism is phylogenetically ancient, probably as old as mammals and birds. Perception of the emotional state of another automatically activates shared representations causing a matching emotional state in the observer. With increasing cognition, state-matching evolved into more complex forms, including concern for the other and perspective-taking. Empathy-induced altruism derives its strength from the emotional stake it offers the self in the other's welfare. The dynamics of the empathy mechanism agree with predictions from kin selection and reciprocal altruism theory.
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Publisher Annual Reviews Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0066-4308 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5058
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