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Author |
DUNCAN P et al, |
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Title |
Reduction of inbreeding in a natural herd of horses |
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1984 |
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Anim Beh av |
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32 |
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520-527 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1034 |
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Author |
Franke Stevens E, |
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Title |
Contents between bands of feral horses for access to fresh water: the resident wins |
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1988 |
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Anim Beh |
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36 |
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6 |
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1851-1853 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1091 |
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Author |
HOGAN ES et al, |
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Title |
The effect of enclosure size on sozial interactions and daily activity patterns of the captive asiatic wild horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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21 |
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147-168 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1194 |
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Author |
Penzhorn Bl, N.P. |
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Title |
Some behavioural traits of Cape Mountain Zebras and their implications for the management of a small conservation animal |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1464 |
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Author |
Ruckebusch Y, |
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Title |
The relevance of drowsiness in the circadian cycle of farm animals |
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1972 |
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Anim Beh |
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20 |
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637-643 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1530 |
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Author |
Schilder Mbh, B.P. |
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Title |
Ethological investigations on a herd of Plains Zebra in a safari park: Time – budgets, reproduction and food competition |
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Year |
1987 |
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App Anim Behav Sci |
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18 |
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45-56 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1568 |
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Author |
Taylor El, |
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Title |
Grazing behaviour and helminthic disease |
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Brit J Anim Behav |
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2 |
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61-62 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
1642 |
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Author |
Cooper, J.J.; McDonald, L.; Mills, D.S. |
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Title |
The effect of increasing visual horizons on stereotypic weaving: implications for the social housing of stabled horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
67-83 |
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Abstract |
Stabled horses commonly perform stereotypic patterns of weaving, where the horse shifts its weight from side to side often swinging its head. Ten warm-blood types, of which five were known to reliably weave, were housed in similar 12x12 ft wooden loose boxes in a single stable block surrounding a courtyard. Each horse was exposed to each of five stable designs. These were: the conventional front top-half of the door open only with a view of the stable courtyard (F); front half-door open and a similar half-door open at the back of the stable with a view to the surrounding fields (FB); back open only (B); front and one-side panel open with a view into the adjacent stable (FS); and front, back and both sides open (All4). During observation days, horses were brought in from the field at 0830 h, fed concentrate at 0930 h, fed haylage at 1005 h and turned out at 1600 h. Behaviour was recorded from 0900 to 1040 h, 1200 to 1300 h and 1500 to 1600 h. Weaving was most common prior to feeding in the morning and prior to putting out to pasture in the afternoon. There was a significant effect of stable design on weaving, with less weaving in the FS and All4 designs than the F treatment. There was also a significant effect of stable design on repetitive nodding, though in this case, FB, B, FS and All4 designs each reduced nodding compared with the F treatment. The effect of stable design can be explained in a number of ways. Firstly, it could be the novelty of the environmental change, though there was no evidence in this study of an increase in stereotypy with prolonged exposure to the new stable designs. Secondly, opening windows may increase opportunities for environmental interaction, and the expression of new activities may compete with stereotypic behaviour for the horse's time. Thirdly, the open windows may allow expression of specific activities such as environmental monitoring or social interaction that are denied by the conventional stable. |
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School of Agriculture, De Montfort University, Caythorpe, NG32 3EP, Lincolnshire, UK |
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English |
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0168-1591 |
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PMID:10856785 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1923 |
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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
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Title |
Spatial relations between mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Beh |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1007-1015 |
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Abstract |
Welsh pony mares and foals (Equus caballus) were usually found to be within 1 or 5 m of each other during the first week of the foal's life and gradually spent more time at greater distances as the foals became older. There was an overall levelling of the trend during the 9th-15th weeks of life of the foal, followed by a second period of change during weeks 16-24. Through weeks 21-24, mares and foals spent at least half of their time within 5 m of each other. Proximity was primarily due to foal activity except during foal recumbency. During the first 8 weeks of the foal's life, a mare remained close by when it was recumbent, either by grazing in a circle around it or by standing upright beside it. Mares and foals were most likely to be close together when they were resting upright with the other ponies in the herd and most likely to be far apart when the foal was playing. Similarities in patterns of spatial relationship between the foals of a given mare were demonstrated. There was no difference between colts and filies in the development of independence. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6505 |
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Author |
Price, E.O. |
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Title |
Behavioral development in animals undergoing domestication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
App Anim Behav Sci |
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65 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
245-271 |
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Domestication; Domestic animals; Captivity; Behavioral development; Feral; Reintroduction |
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Abstract |
The process of domestication involves adaptation, usually to a captive environment. Domestication is attained by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations and developmental mechanisms (e.g., physical maturation, learning) triggered by recurring environmental events or management practices in captivity that influence specific biological traits. The transition from free-living to captive status is often accompanied by changes in availability and/or accessibility of shelter, space, food and water, and by changes in predation and the social environment. These changes set the stage for the development of the domestic phenotype. Behavioral development in animals undergoing domestication is characterized by changes in the quantitative rather than qualitative nature of responses. The hypothesized loss of certain behavior patterns under domestication can usually be explained by the heightening of response thresholds. Increases in response frequency accompanying domestication can often be explained by atypical rates of exposure to certain forms of perceptual and locomotor stimulation. Genetic changes influencing the development of the domestic phenotype result from inbreeding, genetic drift, artificial selection, natural selection in captivity, and relaxed selection. Experiential contributions to the domestic phenotype include the presence or absence of key stimuli, changes in intraspecific aggressive interactions and interactions with humans. Man's role as a buffer between the animal and its environment is also believed to have an important effect on the development of the domestic phenotype. The domestication process has frequently reduced the sensitivity of animals to changes in their environment, perhaps the single-most important change accompanying domestication. It has also resulted in modified rates of behavioral and physical development. Interest in breeding animals in captivity for release in nature has flourished in recent decades. The capacity of domestic animals to survive and reproduce in nature may depend on the extent to which the gene pool of the population has been altered during the domestication process and flexibility in behavioral development. “Natural” gene pools should be protected when breeding wild animals in captivity for the purpose of reestablishing free-living natural populations. In some cases, captive-reared animals must be conditioned to live in nature prior to their release. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5663 |
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