| Home | << 1 2 3 4 5 6 >> |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Rosenzweig, M.R. | ||||
| Title | Representations of the Two Ears at the Auditory Cortex | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1951 | Publication  |
American Journal of Physiology -- Legacy Content | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 167 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 147-158 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | This investigation is part of a more general study of binaural perception and its electrophysiological correlates. In order to account for some of the phenomena of binaural perception, Boring (I) proposed that the two ears are represented at the auditory cortex by two different populations of cortical units. We have attempted to test this hypothesis, taking up two aspects in succession: I) Do the populations of cortical units that represent the two ears differ in size at the two cerebral hemispheres?S timulation of either ear evokes electrophysiological responseso ver the entire extent of the auditory cortex of both hemispheres. It has been suggestedt hat the responsesa re larger in amplitude at the hemisphere contralateral to the ear stimulated (2-4), but this has also been denied (5). We will present quantitative evidence to show that at both hemispheres the response of the contralateral ear is significantly larger than the response of the ipsilateral ear.3 2> Are the two ears represented by independent populations of cortical units, or are they represented by overlapping populations of cortical units? Results from a small number of experiments indicate that the two populations overlap considerably. |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5359 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gill, J. | ||||
| Title | A new method for continuous recording of motor activity in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Comp Biochem Physiol A |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 333-341 |
| Keywords | Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation/*veterinary; *Motor Activity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The use of an electronic recorder for the horse motor activity was described. 2. Examples of different types of motor activities are given in Figs 1-8. 3. The ultradian pattern of activity in all records was stressed. 4. The possibility of receiving of more physiological informations by this type of apparatus is discussed. | ||||
| Address | Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0300-9629 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1678331 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1950 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Piccione, G.; Caola, G.; Refinetti, R. | ||||
| Title | Temporal relationships of 21 physiological variables in horse and sheep | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol |
| Volume | 142 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 389-396 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Blood Glucose/physiology; Body Temperature/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology; Female; Horses/*physiology; Melatonin/blood/*physiology; Motor Activity/*physiology; Rectum/physiology; Sheep/*physiology; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Daily or circadian oscillation has been documented in a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. Although individual variables have been studied in great detail, very few studies have been conducted on the temporal relationships between the rhythms of different variables. It is not known whether the circadian pacemaker generates each and every rhythm individually or whether most rhythms are simply derived from a few clock-controlled rhythms. As a first step in elucidating this issue, 21 physiological variables were recorded simultaneously in horse and sheep. The results indicated that, in both species, different variables exhibit different degrees of daily rhythmicity and reach their daily peaks at different times of the day. The variables exhibiting strongest rhythmicity were locomotor activity, rectal temperature, and plasma concentrations of melatonin and glucose. Comparison of rhythmicity and acrophase in the various rhythms allowed inferences to be made about mechanisms of causation. | ||||
| Address | Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzioni Animali, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1095-6433 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16290083 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1884 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Byström, A.; Clayton, H.M.; Hernlund, E.; Rhodin, M.; Egenvall, A. | ||||
| Title | Equestrian and biomechanical perspectives on laterality in the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Comparative Exercise Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Comp. Exerc. Physiol. |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 35-45 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | It has been suggested that one of the underlying causes of asymmetrical performance and left/right bias in sound riding horses is laterality originating in the cerebral cortices described in many species. The aim of this paper is to review the published evidence for inherent biomechanical laterality in horses deemed to be clinically sound and relate these findings to descriptions of sidedness in equestrian texts. There are no established criteria to determine if a horse is left or right dominant but the preferred limb has been defined as the forelimb that is more frequently protracted during stance and when grazing. Findings on left-right differences in forelimb hoof shape and front hoof angles have been linked to asymmetric forelimb ground reaction forces. Asymmetries interpreted as motor laterality have been found among foals and unhandled youngsters, and the consistency or extent of asymmetries seems to increase with age. Expressions of laterality also vary with breed, sex, training and handling, stress, and body shape but there are no studies of the possible link between laterality and lameness. In a recent study of a group of seven dressage horses, a movement pattern in many ways similar to descriptions of sidedness in the equestrian literature, e.g. one hind limb being more protracted and placed more laterally than the other, has been documented. The role of innate laterality versus painful conditions, training, human handedness and simply habit remains to be determined. Understanding the biomechanical manifestations of laterality in healthy horses, including individual variation, would yield a potential basis for how laterality should be taken into account in relation to training/riding and rehabilitation of lameness. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Wageningen Academic Publishers | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1755-2540 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.3920/CEP190022 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6663 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Sebastiano, M.; Eens, M.; Angelier, F.; Pineau, K.; Chastel, O.; Costantini, D. | ||||
| Title | Corticosterone, inflammation, immune status and telomere length in frigatebird nestlings facing a severe herpesvirus infection | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication |
Conservation Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Conserv. Physiol. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 1 | Pages | cow073-cow073 |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Herpesvirus outbreaks are common in natural animal populations, but little is known about factors that favour the infection and its consequences for the organism. In this study, we examined the pathophysiological consequences of a disease probably attributable to herpesvirus infection for several markers of immune function, corticosterone, telomere length and inflammation. In addition, we assessed whether any markers used in this study might be associated with the occurrence of visible clinical signs of the disease and its impact on short-term survival perspectives. To address our questions, in spring 2015, we collected blood samples from nestlings of the magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) that were free of any clinical signs or showed visible signs of the disease. We found that the plasma concentration of haptoglobin was strongly associated with the infection status and could predict probabilities of survival. We also found that nestlings with clinical signs had lower baseline corticosterone concentrations and similar telomere length compared with healthy nestlings, whereas we did not find any association of the infection status with innate immune defenses or with nitric oxide concentration. Overall, our results suggest that the plasma concentration of haptoglobin might be a valuable tool to assess survival probabilities of frigatebird nestlings facing a herpesvirus outbreak. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | 10.1093/conphys/cow073 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6042 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Edwards, K.L.; Bansiddhi, P.; Paris, S.; Galloway, M.; Brown, J.L. | ||||
| Title | The development of an immunoassay to measure immunoglobulin A in Asian elephant feces, saliva, urine and serum as a potential biomarker of well-being | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Conservation Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | conphys |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Additional measures of well-being would be beneficial to the management of a variety of species in human care, including elephants. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an immune protein associated with pathogen defense, which has been demonstrated to decrease during times of stress, and increase in response to positive stimuli. This paper describes the development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantification of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) IgA in feces, saliva, urine, and serum. Samples were collected weekly from four females for 6 months to assess IgA and glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations, establish relationships between these two biomarkers, and determine variability in IgA within and between individuals, and across sample types. IgA was quantified in all four sample types, although urinary concentrations were low and sometimes undetectable in individual samples. Concentrations were highly variable within and between individuals, with fecal, salivary and serum IgA, and fecal, salivary and urinary GCs all differing significantly across individuals. Contrary to previous findings, IgA and GC were generally not correlated. Serum IgA was less variable within individuals, with the exception of one female that experienced a brief illness during the study. However, marked inter-individual differences were still apparent. When data from all individuals were combined, fecal IgA was significantly predicted by salivary and urinary IgA; however, this relationship did not hold when individuals were analyzed separately. Analysis of a fifth female that exhibited a more severe systemic illness demonstrated clear increases in fecal IgA and GC, suggesting these may also be useful health biomarkers. Further investigation is needed to determine what sample type is most reflective of biological state in elephants, and how IgA concentrations are associated with health and positive and negative welfare states. Based on observed variability, a longitudinal approach likely will be necessary to use IgA as a measure of well-being. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2051-1434 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6591 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Krueger, K.; Marr, I.; Dobler, A.; Palme, R. | ||||
| Title | Preservation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and immunoglobulin A through silica gel drying for field studies in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Conservation Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | conphys |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | Non-invasive methods enable stress evaluation through measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the feces avoiding stressful blood drawing or stressful restraining of animals in the field. However, FGMs and IgA are mostly analysed in freshly frozen samples, which is difficult when fresh samples cannot be frozen immediately or frozen samples cannot be stored or transported. Good results were also derived from air-dried fecal samples, which are hampered by unstable air humidity in the field. These difficulties may be overcome, when drying of samples could be induced with colorless silica gel (SiO2) granules in a secure set-up, such as an air tight tube. We determined the speed of drying 1.5 g of a fresh fecal sample from six horses on air and on silica gel. Furthermore, FGMs and IgA were analysed in differently stored subsamples from 12 horses: in frozen fecal samples, in air- or silica gel-dried samples stored for 1 day and for 7 days, and in wet fecal samples kept in a tube at room temperature for 7 days. FGM levels remained stable in feces dried on air or on silica gel for 7 days, whereas IgA quantities showed a significant loss. Under field conditions, when freezing or transporting the frozen samples is not possible and humidity hampers air drying, drying samples on silica gel in air tight tubes appears to be very helpful and reliable for analysing FGMs. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2051-1434 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6594 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | PNR Powers[1]; AJ Harrison[1] | ||||
| Title | Influences of a rider on the rotation of the horse-rider system during jumping | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication |
Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 33-40 | |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3662 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Devienne, M.F.; Guezennec, C.Y. | ||||
| Title | Energy expenditure of horse riding | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication |
European Journal of Applied Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | Eur J Appl Physiol |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 5-6 | Pages | 499-503 |
| Keywords | Adult; Animals; Energy Metabolism/*physiology; Exercise/*physiology; Exercise Test; Female; Hemodynamic Processes/physiology; Horses; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption/physiology; Respiratory Mechanics/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) were studied in five recreational riders with a portable oxygen analyser (K2 Cosmed, Rome) telemetric system, during two different experimental riding sessions. The first one was a dressage session in which the rider successively rode four different horses at a walk, trot and canter. The second one was a jumping training session. Each rider rode two horses, one known and one unknown. The physiological parameters were measured during warm up at a canter in suspension and when jumping an isolated obstacle at a trot and canter. This session was concluded by a jumping course with 12 obstacles. The data show a progressive increase in VO2 during the dressage session from a mean value of 0.70 (0.18) l x min(-1) [mean (SD)] at a walk, to 1.47 (0.28) l x min(-1) at a trot, and 1.9 (0.3) l x min(-1) at a canter. During the jumping session, rider VO2 was 2 (0.33) l x min(-1) with a mean HR of 155 beats x min(-1) during canter in suspension, obstacle trot and obstacle canter. The jumping course significantly enhanced VO2 and HR up to mean values of 2.40 (0.35) l x min(-1) and 176 beats x min(-1), respectively. The comparison among horses and riders during the dressage session shows differences in energy expenditure according to the horse for the same rider and between riders. During the jumping session, there was no statistical difference between riders riding known and unknown horses. In conclusion these data confirm that riding induces a significant increase in energy expenditure. During jumping, a mean value of 75% VO2max was reached. Therefore, a good aerobic capacity seems to be a factor determining riding performance in competitions. Regular riding practice and additional physical training are recommended to enhance the physical fitness of competitive riders. | ||||
| Address | Universite Paris XII-STAPS-61, Creteil, France. Mfdevienne@aol.com | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1439-6319 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10985607 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3731 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | McDonough, P.; Kindig, C.A.; Ramsel, C.; Poole, D.C.; Erickson, H.H. | ||||
| Title | The effect of treadmill incline on maximal oxygen uptake, gas exchange and the metabolic response to exercise in the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Experimental Physiology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 87 | Issue | 04 | Pages | 499-506 M3 - null |
| Keywords | |||||
| Abstract | In healthy man, conditions that change muscle O2 delivery affect the achievable maximum rate of O2 uptake (V[dot above]O2,max) as well as the metabolic (e.g. lactate threshold, LT) and gas exchange (e.g. gas exchange threshold, Tge) responses to incremental exercise. Inclined (I) compared to level (L) running increases locomotory muscle EMG at a given speed in the horse, indicative of elevated metabolic demand. To our knowledge, the effect of treadmill incline on V[dot above]O2,max, LT and Tge has not been addressed in the exercising quadruped. We used blood sampling and breath-by-breath expired gas analysis to test the hypothesis that I (10 % gradient) would increase V[dot above]O2,max and the rate of O2 uptake (V[dot above]O2) at LT and Tge in six Thoroughbred horses during incremental running to volitional fatigue. V[dot above]O2,max was significantly higher for I (I, 77.8 ± 4.1; L, 65.5 ± 5.3 l min-1; P < 0.05), but peak plasma lactate concentration was not (I, 28.0 ± 3.7; L, 25.9 ± 3.0 mM). Arterial PCO2 increased to 62.1 ± 3.3 and 57.9 ± 2.7 Torr (I vs. L; P < 0.05), yet despite this relative hypoventilation, a distinct Tge was present. This Tge occurred at a significantly different absolute (I, 49.6 ± 3.2; L, 42.4 ± 3.2 l min-1; P < 0.05), but nearly identical relative V[dot above]O2 (I, 63.6 ± 1.2; L, 63.9 ± 1.6 % V[dot above]O2,max) in I and L. Similarly, LT occurred at a significantly greater absolute V[dot above]O2 (I, 37.3 ± 2.8; L, 26.9 ± 2.1 l min-1), but a relative V[dot above]O2 that was not different (I, 47.9 ± 2.1; L, 43.9 ± 4.5 % V[dot above]O2,max). In addition, Tge occurred at a significantly higher (P [less-than-or-equal] 0.05) absolute and relative V[dot above]O2 than LT for both I and L tests. In conclusion, V[dot above]O2,max is higher during inclined than level running and both LT and Tge in the horse occur at a similar percentage of V[dot above]O2,max irrespective of the absolute level of V[dot above]O2,max. In contrast to humans, LT is a poor analogue of Tge in the horse. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Cambridge Journals Online | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1469-445x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5650 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||