| Records |
| Author |
Bergmüller, R. |
| Title |
Animal Personality and Behavioural Syndromes |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication  |
Animal Behaviour – Evolution and Mechanisms |
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Issue |
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Pages |
587-621 |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Heidelberg |
Editor |
Kappeler, P. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5179 |
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| Author |
van Schaik, C.P. |
| Title |
Social learning and culture in animals |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
623-653 |
| Keywords |
Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Most animals must learn some of the behaviours in their repertoire, and some must learn most. Although learning is often thought of as an individual exercise, in nature much learning is social, i.e. under the influence of conspecifics. Social learners acquire novel information or skills faster and at lower cost, but risk learning false information or useless skills. Social learning can be divided into learning from social information and learning through social interaction. Different species have different mechanisms of learning from social information, ranging from selective attention to the environment due to the presence of others to copying of complete motor sequences. In vertical (or oblique) social learning, naïve individuals often learn skills or knowledge from parents (or other adults), whereas horizontal social learning is from peers, either immatures or adults, and more often concerns eavesdropping and public information use. Because vertical social learning is often adaptive, maturing individuals often have a preference for it over individual exploration. The more cognitively demanding social learning abilities probably evolved in this context, in lineages where offspring show long association with parents and niches are complex. Because horizontal learning can be maladaptive, especially when perishable information has become outdated, animals must decide when to deploy social learning. Social learning of novel skills can lead to distinct traditions or cultures when the innovations are sufficiently rare and effectively transmitted socially. Animal cultures may be common but to date taxonomic coverage is insufficient to know how common. Cultural evolution is potentially powerful, but largely confined to humans, for reasons currently unknown. A general theory of culture is therefore badly needed. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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Kappeler, P. |
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978-3-642-02624-9 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5268 |
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| Author |
Kerth, G. |
| Title |
Group decision-making in animal societies |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
241-265 |
| Keywords |
Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Individuals need to coordinate their activities to benefit from group living. Thus group decisions are essential for societies, especially if group members cooperate with each other. Models show that shared (democratic) decisions outperform unshared (despotic) decisions, even if individuals disagree about actions. This is surprising as in most other contexts, differences in individual preferences lead to sex-, age-, or kin-specific behaviour. Empirical studies testing the predictions of the theoretical models have only recently begun to emerge. This applies particularly to group decisions in fission-fusion societies, where individuals can avoid decisions that are not in their interest. After outlining the basic ideas and theoretical models on group decision-making I focus on the available empirical studies. Originally most of the relevant studies have been on social insects and fish but recently an increasing number of studies on mammals and birds have been published, including some that deal with wild long-lived animals living in complex societies. This includes societies where group members have different interests, as in most mammals, and which have been less studied compared to eusocial insects that normally have no conflict among their colony members about what to do. I investigate whether the same decision rules apply in societies with conflict and without conflict, and outline open questions that remain to be studied. The chapter concludes with a synthesis on what is known about group decision-making in animals and an outlook on what I think should be done to answer the open questions. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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Editor |
Kappeler, P. |
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978-3-642-02624-9 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5381 |
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| Author |
Dukas, R. |
| Title |
Evolutionary Biology Of Animal Cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
347-374 |
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| Abstract |
This review focuses on five key evolutionary issues pertaining to animal cognition, defined as the neuronal processes concerned with the acquisition, retention, and use of information. Whereas the use of information, or decision making, has been relatively well examined by students of behavior, evolutionary aspects of other cognitive traits that affect behavior, including perception, learning, memory, and attention, are less well understood. First, there is ample evidence for genetically based individual variation in cognitive traits, although much of the information for some traits comes from humans. Second, several studies documented positive association between cognitive abilities and performance measures linked to fitness. Third, information on the evolution of cognitive traits is available primarily for color vision and decision making. Fourth, much of the data on plasticity of cognitive traits appears to reflect nonadaptive phenotypic plasticity, perhaps because few evolutionary analyses of cognitive plasticity have been carried out. Nonetheless, several studies suggest that cognitive traits show adaptive plasticity, and at least one study documented genetically based individual variation in plasticity. Fifth, whereas assertions that cognition has played a central role in animal evolution are not supported by currently available data, theoretical considerations indicate that cognition may either increase or decrease the rate of evolutionary change. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2970 |
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| Author |
Byrne R.W. |
| Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Behaviour and Evolution |
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Issue |
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Pages |
223-265 |
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Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge,UK |
Editor |
P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6566 |
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| Author |
Giraldeau, Luc-Alain |
| Title |
The ecology of information use |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Behavioural ecology : an evolutionary approach |
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Blackwell Science |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge, Mass. |
Editor |
Krebs, J.R.; Davies, N.B. |
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0865427313 9780865427310 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 35114973 |
Serial |
4277 |
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| Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. |
| Title |
The emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs when the qualities of individuals differ |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
BMC Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
BMC Evol Biol |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
51 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Foraging in groups offers animals a number of advantages, such as increasing their likelihood of finding food or detecting and avoiding predators. In order for a group to remain together, there has to be some degree of coordination of behaviour and movement between its members (which may in some cases be initiated by a decision-making leader, and in other cases may emerge as an underlying property of the group). For example, behavioural synchronisation is a phenomenon where animals within a group initiate and then continue to conduct identical behaviours, and has been characterised for a wide range of species. We examine how a pair of animals should behave using a state-dependent approach, and ask what conditions are likely to lead to behavioural synchronisation occurring, and whether one of the individuals is more likely to act as a leader. RESULTS: The model we describe considers how the energetic gain, metabolic requirements and predation risks faced by the individuals affect measures of their energetic state and behaviour (such as the degree of behavioural synchronisation seen within the pair, and the value to an individual of knowing the energetic state of its colleague). We explore how predictable changes in these measures are in response to changes in physiological requirements and predation risk. We also consider how these measures should change when the members of the pair are not identical in their metabolic requirements or their susceptibility to predation. We find that many of the changes seen in these measures are complex, especially when asymmetries exist between the members of the pair. CONCLUSION: Analyses are presented that demonstrate that, although these general patterns are robust, care needs to be taken when considering the effects of individual differences, as the relationship between individual differences and the resulting qualitative changes in behaviour may be complex. We discuss how these results are related to experimental observations, and how the model and its predictions could be extended. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. sean.rands@bristol.ac.uk |
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English |
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1471-2148 |
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| Notes |
PMID:18282297 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5126 |
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| Author |
Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. |
| Title |
Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
BMC Evolutionary Biology |
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9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12 |
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Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. |
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1471-2148 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 |
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6637 |
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| Author |
Ratcliffe, J.M.; Fenton, M.B.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Behavioral flexibility positively correlated with relative brain volume in predatory bats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Brain, behavior and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
165-176 |
| Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Chiroptera/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Organ Size; Predatory Behavior/*physiology |
| Abstract |
We investigated the potential relationships between foraging strategies and relative brain and brain region volumes in predatory (animal-eating) echolocating bats. The species we considered represent the ancestral state for the order and approximately 70% of living bat species. The two dominant foraging strategies used by echolocating predatory bats are substrate-gleaning (taking prey from surfaces) and aerial hawking (taking airborne prey). We used species-specific behavioral, morphological, and ecological data to classify each of 59 predatory species as one of the following: (1) ground gleaning, (2) behaviorally flexible (i.e., known to both glean and hawk prey), (3) clutter tolerant aerial hawking, or (4) open-space aerial hawking. In analyses using both species level data and phylogenetically independent contrasts, relative brain size was larger in behaviorally flexible species. Further, relative neocortex volume was significantly reduced in bats that aerially hawk prey primarily in open spaces. Conversely, our foraging behavior index did not account for variability in hippocampus and inferior colliculus volume and we discuss these results in the context of past research. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. jmr247@cornell.edu |
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English |
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0006-8977 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16415571 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
358 |
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| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Memory and hippocampal specialization in food-storing birds: challenges for research on comparative cognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Brain, behavior and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
108-116 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Birds/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Color Perception/physiology; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Hippocampus/*physiology; Memory/*physiology; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
The three-way association among food-storing behavior, spatial memory, and hippocampal enlargement in some species of birds is widely cited as an example of a new 'cognitive ecology' or 'neuroecology.' Whether this relationship is as strong as it first appears and whether it might be evidence for an adaptive specialization of memory and hippocampus in food-storers have recently been the subject of some controversy [Bolhuis and Macphail, 2001; Macphail and Bolhuis, 2001]. These critiques are based on misconceptions about the nature of adaptive specializations in cognition, misconceptions about the uniformity of results to be expected from applying the comparative method to data from a wide range of species, and a narrow view of what kinds of cognitive adaptations are theoretically interesting. New analyses of why food-storers (black-capped chickadees, Poecile Atricapilla) respond preferentially to spatial over color cues when both are relevant in a memory task show that this reflects a relative superiority of spatial memory as compared to memory for color rather than exceptional spatial attention or spatial discrimination ability. New studies of chickadees from more or less harsh winter climates also support the adaptive specialization hypothesis and suggest that within-species comparisons may be especially valuable for unraveling details of the relationships among ecology, memory, and brain in food-storing species. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., M5S 3G3, Canada. shettle@psych.utoronto.ca |
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English |
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0006-8977 |
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PMID:12937349 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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367 |
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