| Records |
| Author |
Galloux, P.; Barrey, E. |
| Title |
Components of the total kinetic moment in jumping horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
41-44 |
| Keywords |
Algorithms; Animals; Exertion/*physiology; Female; Gravitation; Horses/*physiology; Kinetics; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Models, Biological; Movement/*physiology; Video Recording |
| Abstract |
Thirty horses were filmed with a panning camera operating at 50 frames/s as they jumped over a 1.20 x 1.20 m fence. The markers of 9 joints on the horse and 7 joints on the rider were tracked in 2D with the TrackEye system. The centre of gravity and moment of inertia of each segment were calculated using a geometric algorithm and a cylindric model, respectively. The kinetic moment of each part of the horse was calculated after filtering, and resampling of data. This method showed the relative contribution of each body segment to the body overall rotation during the take-off, jump and landing phases. It was found that the trunk, hindlimbs and head-neck had the greatest influence. The coordination between the motion of the body segments allowed the horse to control its angular speed of rotation over the fence. This remained nearly constant during the airborne phase (120 +/- 5 degrees/s). During the airborne phase, the kinetic moment was constant because its value was equal to the moment of the external forces (722 +/- 125 kg x m2/s). |
| Address |
Ecole Nationale d'Equitation, Terrefort, Saumur, France |
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English |
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PMID:9354287 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3797 |
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| Author |
Szenci, O.; Palme, R.; Taverne, M.A.; Varga, J.; Meersma, N.; Wissink, E. |
| Title |
Evaluation of false ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnoses in sows by measuring the concentration of unconjugated estrogens in feces |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Theriogenology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Theriogenology |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
873-882 |
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| Abstract |
On Days 26, 28, and 30 after AI, ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnoses were performed on 207 gilts and sows by using a 3.5 MHz linear-array transducer. Fecal samples were taken from the rectum after each ultrasonographic examination, and the concentrations of unconjugated estrogens in selected samples (n = 73) were measured by RIA. Fecal unconjugated estrogen concentration of 11.7 ng/g feces or higher was indicative of pregnancy. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasonographic test was 99% for farrowing sows and 73.1% for nonfarrowing sows. With one exception, sows with a false negative diagnosis by ultrasonography on Day 26 were correctly diagnosed pregnant by elevated fecal unconjugated estrogens or repeated ultrasonographic examinations on Days 28 or 30. Return to estrus around the sampling period may cause false positive results in the unconjugated estrogen assay, while early embryonic mortality can result in false positive diagnoses in both the ultrasonographic test and estrogen assay. Although there was a positive correlation between the concentrations of unconjugated estrogens in the feces and litter size at farrowing in the selected sows, it seems very unlikely that fecal estrogens can provide an accurate tool for predicting litter size. |
| Address |
University of Veterinary Science, Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary |
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English |
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0093-691X |
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| Notes |
PMID:16728179 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4077 |
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| Author |
Gallup, G.G.J. |
| Title |
On the rise and fall of self-conception in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
818 |
Issue |
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Pages |
72-82 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Phylogeny; Primates/*psychology; *Self Concept |
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| Address |
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Albany 12222, USA |
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English |
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0077-8923 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9237466 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4134 |
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| Author |
Swartz, K.B. |
| Title |
What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
818 |
Issue |
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Pages |
64-71 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; *Ego; Primates/*psychology |
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Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx 10468, USA |
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English |
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0077-8923 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9237465 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4135 |
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| Author |
Parker, S.T. |
| Title |
A general model for the adaptive function of self-knowledge in animals and humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Consciousness and Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conscious Cogn |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-86 |
| Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Awareness; Concept Formation; Evolution; Humans; Phylogeny; *Self Concept; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
This article offers a general definition of self-knowledge that embraces all forms and levels of self-knowledge in animals and humans. It is hypothesized that various levels of self-knowledge constitute an ordinal scale such that each species in a lineage displays the forms of self-knowledge found in related species as well as new forms it and its sister species may have evolved. Likewise, it is hypothesized that these various forms of levels of self-knowledge develop in the sequence in which they evolved. Finally, a general hypothesis for the functional significance of self-knowledge is proposed along with subhypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of various levels of self-knowledge in mammals including human and nonhuman primates. The general hypothesis is that self-knowledge serves as a standard for assessing the qualities of conspecifics compared to those of the self. Such assessment is crucial to deciding among alternative reproductive and subsistence strategies. The qualities that are assessed, which vary across taxa, range from the size and strength of the self to its mathematical or musical abilities. This so-called assessment model of self-knowledge is based on evolutionary biological models for social selection and the role of assessment in animal communication. |
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Anthropology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA. Parker@Sonoma.edu |
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1053-8100 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9170562 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4160 |
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| Author |
Roberts, M. |
| Title |
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Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
The Man Who Listens to Horses |
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Cited By (since 1996): 17; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4542 |
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| Author |
Shmidt Mech, L.D. |
| Title |
Wolf pack size and food acquisition |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Am Nat |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
150 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shmidt Mech1997 |
Serial |
6482 |
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