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Author |
Krueger, K.; Trager, L.; Farmer, K.; Byrne, R. |
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Title |
Tool Use in Horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
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12 |
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15 |
Pages |
1876 |
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Keywords |
crowdsourcing; horse; innovation; mule; management; tool use |
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Abstract |
Tool use has not yet been confirmed in horses, mules or donkeys. As this subject is difficult to research with conventional methods, we used a crowdsourcing approach to gather data. We contacted equid owners and carers and asked them to report and video examples of �unusual� behaviour via a dedicated website. We also searched YouTube and Facebook for videos of equids showing tool use. From 635 reports, including 1014 behaviours, we found 20 cases of tool use, 13 of which were unambiguous in that it was clear that the behaviour was not trained, caused by reduced welfare, incidental or accidental. We then assessed (a) the effect of management conditions on tool use and (b) whether the animals used tools alone, or socially, involving other equids or humans. We found that management restrictions were associated with corresponding tool use in 12 of the 13 cases (p = 0.01), e.g., equids using sticks to scrape hay within reach when feed was restricted. Furthermore, 8 of the 13 cases involved other equids or humans, such as horses using brushes to groom others. The most frequent tool use was for foraging, with seven examples, tool use for social purposes was seen in four cases, and there was just one case of tool use for escape. There was just one case of tool use for comfort, and in this instance, there were no management restrictions. Equids therefore can develop tool use, especially when management conditions are restricted, but it is a rare occurrence. |
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Animals |
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12 |
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15 |
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2076-2615 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6695 |
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Sighieri, C.; Tedeschi, D.; De Andreis, C.; Petri, L.; Baragli, P. |
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Title |
Behaviour Patterns of Horses Can be Used to Establish a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship Between Man and Horse |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Animal Welfare |
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12 |
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4 |
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705-708 |
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animal welfare; behaviour patterns; dominance; unhandled horse |
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This paper describes how man can enter the social hierarchy of the horse by mimicking the behaviour and stance it uses to establish dominance. A herd is organised according to a dominance hierarchy established by means of ritualised conflict. Dominance relationships are formed through these confrontations: one horse gains the dominant role and others identify themselves as subordinates. This study was conducted using five females of the Haflinger breed, totally unaccustomed to human contact, from a free-range breeding farm. The study methods were based on the three elements fundamental to the equilibrium of the herd: flight, herd instinct and hierarchy. The trainer-horse relationship was established in three phases: retreat, approach and association. At the end of the training sessions, all of the horses were able to respond correctly to the trainer. These observations suggest that it is possible to manage unhandled horses without coercion by mimicking their behaviour patterns. |
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Cambridge University Press |
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2023/01/11 |
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0962-7286 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6713 |
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Author |
Berliner Vr, |
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The estrous cycle of the mare. In: Cole,H.H., Cupps,P.T. |
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1959 |
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Reproductions in domestic animals |
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1 |
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267-289 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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942 |
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Author |
Bruemmer F, |
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Title |
The horses of Sable Island |
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Journal Article |
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1967 |
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Animals |
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10 |
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14-17 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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975 |
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Author |
Epstein H, |
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Title |
Descent and origin of the ass |
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Book Chapter |
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1971 |
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In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II. |
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394-398 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1069 |
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Author |
Epstein H, |
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Title |
Wild Ass |
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1971 |
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In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II |
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378-381 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1070 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Title |
Communication in Perissodactyla |
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Book Chapter |
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1977 |
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in Sebeok TA (ed): How Animals Communicate |
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715-727, |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1305 |
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Author |
OTT EA et al, |
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Title |
Acceptability of dried citrus pulp by horses |
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Journal Article |
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1979 |
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J Animal Sci |
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49 |
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983-987 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1442 |
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Author |
Rossdale Pd, |
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Title |
Perinatal behaviour int the thoroughbred horse |
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1968 |
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In: Fox,M.W. (ed.): Abnormal behavior in Animals. |
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Chapt. 15 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1517 |
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Author |
Tembrock G, |
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Title |
Land mammals |
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1968 |
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In: Sebeok,T.A.; Animal Communication. London. |
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338-404 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1643 |
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