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Ryder, O. A., & Wedemeyer, E. A. (1982). A cooperative breeding programme for the mongolian wild horse Equus Przewalski in the United States. Biol. Cons., 22, 259–271.
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Salter, R. E., & Hudson, R. J. (1982). Social organization of feral horses in western Canada. App. Anim. Ethol., 8, 207–223.
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Schäfer M,. (1982). Beobachtungen zum Paarungsverhalten des Hausesels. Säugetierk Mitt, 30, 13–25.
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Sato, S. (1982). Leadership during actual grazing in a small herd of cattle. Appl. Animal. Ethol., 8(1-2), 53–65.
Abstract: An understanding of patterns of leadership during grazing movements is important where the management of grazing cattle is concerned. This paper describes the leadership displayed by grazing cattle by recording the spatial relationship (grazing style) among herd members as the group progressed slowly through a field. Grazing style was divided into “A”, “B” and “C”, meaning following, independence and leading, respectively. The results revealed the following features: (1) the frequency distributions of grazing style and grazing formation used by the herd varied with the seasons; (2) the individual animal variation in grazing style did not fundamentally change with the seasons; (3) there was negative linear correlation between Styles A and C and between Styles A and B. The more any cow followed the grazing movement, the less likely it was to lead the grazing movement or to be independent. Styles C and B tended to be positively related; (4) high, medium and low ranking animals in social dominance showed tendencies to behave in Styles C, A and B, respectively; (5) grazing style and weight gain were not clearly related; (6) the cows that tended to lead, be independent or follow less, tended to get out of their paddocks. The observations suggested (1) that the leader-follower-independent relationship, although modified in each season, did not vary fundamentally, (2) that the active movement of high ranking animals and the independent movement of low ranking animals governed the voluntary formation in grazing, and (3) that as grazing cattle that behaved in a single group and did not escape from their paddock were much easier to manage, the grazing style that expressed these characteristics was one of the significant indices for management of grazing cattle.
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Powell, A. J., & Wolff, P. R. (1982). Sex differences in mouse urination patterns. Anim. Behav., 30(4), 1207–1211.
Abstract: When tested in circular open fields male and female mice (Mus musculus) produced strongly centrifugal urination patterns, which showed a clear `edge-dependency' in all the field sizes used. However, striking sex differences in the pattern of deposition were shown in terms of both the number and distribution of the urine spots. Male mice produce large numbers of spots which are regularly dispersed, while females produce relatively fewer spots with a more clumped distribution. It is suggested that a hitherto unsuspected level of intersexual communication may explain these differences.
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Baba, M., T., Doi, H., Ikeda, T., Iwamoto, & Ono Y. (1982). A census of large mammals in Omo National Park, Ethiopia. Afr. J. Ecol., 20(3), 207–210.
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Brooks, P. M. (1982). Zebra, wildebeest and buffalo sub-population areas in the Hluhluwe-Corridor-Umfolozi Complex, Zululand, and their application in management. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res., 12, 140–146.
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Clark, B. (1982). African wild ass. Oryx, 17(1), 28–31.
Abstract: The African wild ass is endangered. Its habitat is a drought-stricken war zone; its flesh is eaten and is believed to cure hepatitis; it is eagerly sought by dealers and collectors. The author, Chief Curator at Israel's Hai-Bar reserve, examines the problems hindering the conservation of this animal and explains why it is urgently necessary to list it on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora at its meeting in April 1983.
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Donnelly, J., Phipps, L. P., & Watkins, K. L. (1982). Evidence of maternal antibodies to Babesia equi and B caballi in foals of seropositive mares. Equine Vet J, 14(2), 126–128.
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Eberhardt, L. L., Majorowicz, A. K., & Wilcox, J. A. (1982). Apparent Rates of Increase for Two Feral Horse Herds. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 46(2), 367–374.
Abstract: Rates of increase for 2 Oregon feral horse (Equus caballus) herds were estimated from direct aerial counts to be about 20% per year. These rates can be achieved only if survival rates are high, and reproduction exceeds that normally expected from horses. A population dynamics model suggests adult survival to be the key parameter in determining rates of increase, and there is some direct evidence of high adult survival rates. Management implications are discussed.
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