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Author | Rapin, V.; Poncet, P.A.; Burger, D.; Mermod, C.; Richard, M.A. | ||||
Title | [Measurement of the attention time in the horse] | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde | Abbreviated Journal | Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd |
Volume | 149 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 77-83 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; *Attention/physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Horses/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Memory/*physiology; Time Factors | ||||
Abstract | A study carried out on 49 horses showed that it is possible to measure the attention time by operant conditioning. After teaching horses an instrumental task using a signal, we were then able to test their attention time by asking them to prolong it increasingly while setting success and failure criteria. Two tests were performed 3 weeks apart. The 2nd test was feasible without relearning, a proof of memory, and was repeatable, a proof of consistency in the attention time. A significant difference was observed between the 3 age groups. Young horses often performed very well during the 1st test but their attention dropped in the 2nd test while older horses were more stable with respect to attention and even increased it slightly. The study shows that there are individual differences but it was not possible to prove a significant influence of breed, gender and paternal influence. Consequently, learning appears to be one of the most interesting approaches for evaluating the attention of horses and for observing their behaviour. | ||||
Address | Laboratoire d'Ecoethologie, Universite de Neuchatel, Suisse. veronique.rapin@unine.ch | ||||
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Language | French | Summary Language | Original Title | Mesure de la duree d'attention chez le cheval | |
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ISSN | 0036-7281 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:17343134 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1770 | |||
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Author | Farmer-Dougan, V.; Dougan, J. | ||||
Title | The Man Who Listens To Behavior: Folk Wisdom And Behavior Analysis From A Real Horse Whisperer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Anal Behav |
Volume | 72 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 139-149 |
Keywords | positive reinforcement, aversive control, learned helplessness, language, biological constraints, | ||||
Abstract | The popular novel and movie The Horse Whisperer are based on the work of several real-life horse whisperers, the most famous of whom is Monty Roberts. Over the last 50 years, Roberts has developed a technique for training horses that is both more effective and less aversive than traditional training techniques. An analysis of Roberts` methods (as described in his book, The Man Who Listens to Horses) indicates a deep understanding of behavioral principles including positive reinforcement, timeout, species-specific defense reactions, learned helplessness, and the behavioral analysis of language. Roberts developed his theory and techniques on the basis of personal experience and folk wisdom, and not as the result of formal training in behavior analysis. Behavior analysts can clearly learn from such insightful yet behaviorally incorrect practitioners, just as such practitioners can benefit from the objective science of behavior analysts. |
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0022-5002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:16812908 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1829 | ||
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Author | Khalil, A.M.; Kaseda, Y. | ||||
Title | Early experience affects developmental behaviour and timing of harem formation in Misaki horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 59 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 253-263 |
Keywords | Feral horse; Young male; Social behavior; Developmental stage | ||||
Abstract | A study was made of the behavior of young male Misaki feral horses in the developmental stage, by observing nine of them once a week from January 1988 to December 1996. The relationship between behavior before separation and in the developmental stage was also investigated. This stage begins just after young males separate from their natal band or mothers, and it continues until they start to form harems. The duration of the developmental stage in the study ranged from 0.6 to 3.9 years, depending on the age of the young males at the time of separation. Young males associated with three types of social groups at the beginning of the developmental stage, according to their social groups before separation. These were bachelor groups, harem groups and wandering female groups. During this period, males joined the three groups, mixed sex groups and sometimes were solitary. It was considered that these associations provided a good opportunity for males to acquire different behavioral patterns and experiences before they entered the next stage. Depending on the groups with which they associated, young males that spent more time with bachelor groups had the longest average developmental stage. They associated with harem groups more often during the breeding season and more frequently with other groups or were solitary during the non-breeding season. This may be a transition period because by the end of this stage all males had spent time in solitude before forming their own harem bands. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 2021 | |||
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Author | Cambefort, J.P. | ||||
Title | A comparative study of culturally transmitted patterns of feeding habits in the chacma baboon Papio ursinus and the vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 243-263 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; *Cercopithecus; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Culture; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Group Structure; Learning; Male; *Papio; Social Class; Teaching | ||||
Abstract | Japanese workers have studied social acquisition patterns of new feeding habits in Macaca fuscata which they have termed precultural. The present study investigates the same phenomenon in the chacma baboon and the vervet monkey in their natural habitat. The questions addressed are: (1) How a new feeding habit enters a troop and by which age and sex category, also how it is propagated? (2) When individuals are permitted with a choice between palatable and unpalatable food, can they learn by demonstration only or do they have to pass through a direct learning process? (3) Can the results from the above questions be explained by social parameters such as the social structure of the individual species? It was found that juvenile baboons discover new food and that after the discovery propagation is instantaneous. In vervets discovery is random among the age classes and propagation is slow and takes place through certain 'pivot' individuals. Both species fail to learn about palatability by demonstration but have to go through a direct learning process. This contrasts strongly with the forest baboon Mandrillus sphinx that have been shown to learn by demonstration. Socially, baboon juveniles stay closer to each other than the adults who force them to live at the periphery of the troop. Vervets again forage without precise sub-group formation. The link between social and cultural propagation and social structure is discussed on the basis of these findings. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:7319426 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 2087 | |||
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Author | Ben-Shahar, R | ||||
Title | Selectivity in large generalist herbivores: feeding patterns of African ungulates in a semi-arid habitat | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | African Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Afr. J. Ecol. |
Volume | 29 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 302-315 |
Keywords | diet; forage production; grazing; wildebeest; zebra | ||||
Abstract | Feeding habits of free-ranging wildebeest and zebra were monitored in a semi-arid nature reserve, bordering the southwestern part of Kruger National Park, South Africa. The purpose of study was to distinguish and define the feeding niches of two roughage grazers that occur in similar habitat types. The monthly compositions of diets were evaluated by direct observations of feeding bouts over a period of two years when rainfall patterns were average and animal populations were stable. Other analyses evaluated the standing biomass of grass species in the reserve during the wet summer and dry winter seasons. A considerable overlap of grass species composition was found in the diets of wildebeest and zebra. Ordination of bi-monthly records of the diet composition showed greater variations in scores of grasses in zebra diet in comparison to wildebeest. Seasonal patterns were more apparent in the wildebeest diet. Preference ranking of grass species indicated that zebra diet remained constant in winter and summer. Wildebeest diet however, alternated with seasons, showing high preferences during the winter months for grass species which were rejected during summer. The combined assessment of results from three separate statistical methods analysing temporal patterns and preferences in diet composition revealed contradictory trends. The solution, however, relied on the initial assumptions posed. Hence, wildebeest and zebra are essentially generalist feeders which show a limited amount of preference in their choice of diet. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2226 | ||
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Author | Lucas, Z.; Raeside, J.I.; Betteridge, K.J. | ||||
Title | Non-invasive assessment of the incidences of pregnancy and pregnancy loss in the feral horses of Sable Island | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
Volume | 44 | Issue | Pages | 479-488 | |
Keywords | Abortion, Veterinary/*epidemiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Atlantic Islands; Estrogens/analysis; Feces/chemistry; Female; Fertilization; Gestational Age; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Incidence; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Animal | ||||
Abstract | Field observations of 400 totally unmanaged feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, were complemented by oestrogen determinations in faecal samples from 154 identified females over a 4-year period (454 mare-years). Of mares that were sampled throughout the year and subsequently produced foals, 92.1% exhibited elevated faecal oestrogens between 15 October and 30 March. The results confirm that faecal oestrogens are a useful indicator of pregnancy after approximately 120 days gestation. Distribution of foaling resembled that seen in other feral populations, with 95% of births occurring from April through July. The foaling rate for mares aged 3 years or older was 62.0%, with 50.7% of mares foaling in 3 or 4 years. Foaling rates were low (4.1%) in mares bred as yearlings and rose with age to 70.8% in those bred as 4-year-olds. Fetal loss after Day 120 was deduced from faecal oestrogens to be 26.0% overall, with marked variation from year to year (9.6-37.3%) and with age (70.0% in those bred as yearlings, decreasing to 5.6% in those bred as 4-year-olds). Of 58 mares aged 2 years or older that were sampled every year, about half (49.6%) the barren years were attributable to fetal loss after 120 days gestation. All mares conceived in at least 2 of the 4 years, suggesting that pregnancy loss, even after Day 120, is as important as failure to conceive in causing barren years. | ||||
Address | Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0449-3087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:1795292 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2247 | ||
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Author | Call, J. | ||||
Title | Inferences by exclusion in the great apes: the effect of age and species | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 393-403 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Association Learning; *Cognition; *Concept Formation; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Gorilla gorilla; Hominidae/classification/*psychology; Male; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; Pongo pygmaeus; *Problem Solving; Species Specificity | ||||
Abstract | This study investigated the ability of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and bonobos to make inferences by exclusion using the procedure pioneered by Premack and Premack (Cognition 50:347-362, 1994) with chimpanzees. Thirty apes were presented with two different food items (banana vs. grape) on a platform and covered with identical containers. One of the items was removed from the container and placed between the two containers so that subjects could see it. After discarding this item, subjects could select between the two containers. In Experiment 1, apes preferentially selected the container that held the item that the experimenter had not discarded, especially if subjects saw the experimenter remove the item from the container (but without seeing the container empty). Experiment 3 in which the food was removed from one of the containers behind a barrier confirmed these results. In contrast, subjects performed at chance levels when a stimulus (colored plastic chip: Exp. 1; food item: Exp. 2 and Exp. 3) designated the item that had been removed. These results indicated that apes made inferences, not just learned to use a discriminative cue to avoid the empty container. Apes perceived and treated the item discarded by the experimenter as if it were the very one that had been hidden under the container. Results suggested a positive relationship between age and inferential ability independent of memory ability but no species differences. | ||||
Address | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. call@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16924458 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2444 | ||
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Author | Watanabe, S.; Huber, L. | ||||
Title | Animal logics: decisions in the absence of human language | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 235-245 |
Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Brain/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Decision Making/*physiology; Evolution; Humans; *Language; *Logic; Problem Solving/physiology | ||||
Abstract | Without Abstract | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, Keio University, Mita 2-15-45, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan. swat@flet.keio.ac.jp | ||||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16909231 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2453 | ||
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Author | Bjorklund, D.F.; Yunger, J.L.; Bering, J.M.; Ragan, P. | ||||
Title | The generalization of deferred imitation in enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 49-58 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology; Parenting; Species Specificity | ||||
Abstract | Deferred imitation of object-related actions and generalization of imitation to similar but not identical tasks was assessed in three human-reared (enculturated) chimpanzees, ranging in age from 5 to 9 years. Each ape displayed high levels of deferred imitation and only slightly lower levels of generalization of imitation. The youngest two chimpanzees were more apt to generalize the model's actions when they had displayed portions of the target behaviors at baseline, consistent with the idea that learning is more likely to occur when working within the “zone of proximal development.” We argue that generalization of imitation is the best evidence to date of imitative learning in chimpanzees. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA. dbjorklund@fau.edu | ||||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:11957402 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2610 | ||
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Author | Nogueira, S.S. da C.; Nogueira-Filho, S.L.G.; Bassford, M.; Silvius, K.; Fragoso, J.M.V. | ||||
Title | Feral pigs in Hawai`i: Using behavior and ecology to refine control techniques | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 108 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 1-11 |
Keywords | Sus scrofa; Invasive species; Wildlife management; Pest management; Vertebrate pest control | ||||
Abstract | Early Polynesians settlers were the first to introduce pigs to the Hawaiian Islands. Later Captain Cook brought European pigs during his first voyage to Hawai`i. Many other importations have followed. Animals from these introductions became feral and dispersed throughout the islands. Free-ranging pigs are now considered pests with negative impacts on some native biota. Several methods to control the ecological damage attributed to pigs have been adopted, such as fencing, hunting, live trapping and poisoning. However, the absence of behavioral knowledge in current control programs has resulted in inefficient management of this species. Therefore, the feral pig problem continues, and what before was almost strictly an agricultural and conservation concern has now become an urban problem as well. The aim of this study is to describe the state of knowledge on feral pig behavior in the Hawaiian Islands, introducing potential management approaches derived from the principles of behavioral ecology. Considering behavioral aspects of feral pig ecology, such as cognition and communication could help improve capture techniques, keep feral pigs away from urban areas and begin to resolve human-wildlife conflicts. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2887 | ||
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