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Author |
Stadler, P.; Rewel, A.; Deegen, E. |
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Title |
[M-mode echocardiography in dressage horses, class S jumping horses and untrained horses] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
292-306 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Echocardiography/*veterinary; Female; Heart Septum/ultrasonography; Heart Ventricles/ultrasonography; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Reference Values |
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Abstract |
Heart structures of 45 warmblooded horses were measured by M-mode-echocardiography. The current training level of 15 dressage horses (group I) and 15 show-jumping horses (group II) was category “S”. In the third group were 15 untrained horses. Four standardized transducer positions were determined for the m-mode echobeam, calibrated according to the two-dimensional real time technique. End systolic and end diastolic diameters of left ventricle, right ventricle, aortic root, interventricular septum and left ventricular wall, as well as motion pattern of heart wall, mitral valve and aortic valve of all horses were measured. The dressage horses showed a significant thickening of interventricular septum and left-ventricular wall compared with the show-jumping horses and the untrained horses. The end diastolic left ventricle diameter of the show-jumping horses was significantly larger than in the other groups. Compared to the untrained horses the show-jumping horses showed a significantly larger end systolic left ventricular wall diameter measured at the level of papillary muscle. It can be concluded, that an increase in heart mass in category “S” sport horses is attributed to their level of training. |
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Klinik fur Pferde der Tierarztlichen Hochschule Hannover |
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German |
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Original Title |
Die M-mode-Echokardiographie bei S-Dressur-, S-Springpferden und bei untrainierten Pferden |
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0514-7158 |
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PMID:8342361 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3749 |
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Author |
Rutberg, A.T.; Keiper, R.R. |
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Title |
Proximate causes of natal dispersal in feral ponies: some sex differences |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
969-975 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. Fifteen years of data on natal dispersal age and the context of dispersal for the feral ponies of Assateague Island, Maryland are presented. Ninety-seven per cent of males and 81% of females dispersed from their natal groups by 5 years of age. For animals that left their natal group, average age of dispersal was 20[middle dot]8 months for males and 24[middle dot]6 months for females. Male dispersal age was strongly and significantly correlated with number of peers in the natal group, and males dispersing with peers were significantly older than males dispersing without peers, suggesting that males delayed dispersal when peers were available for interaction. Female dispersal age was not influenced by number of peers, but was correlated with age of first reproduction. Factors not influencing dispersal age in either sex were presence of a younger sibling, maternal band transfers, and maternal age and dominance rank. The relatively high frequency of females failing to disperse from their natal groups is puzzling in light of data showing diminished fecundity in non-dispersing pony mares. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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518 |
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Author |
SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE |
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Title |
Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Animal Learning & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Learn. & Behav. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
246-254 |
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Abstract |
Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence
task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is
moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems
than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind
the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible
displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than
it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and
invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the
objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance
in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have
to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that
is signaled, but not directly perceived. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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538 |
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Author |
Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. |
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Title |
Social constraints determine what is learned in the chimpanzee |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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28 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
173-179 |
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Keywords |
Operant conditioning; Social influence; Individual strategy; Chimpanzee |
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Abstract |
A group of six chimpanzees was placed in a social learning situation, without training. The learning task was an operant conditioning situation; that is, a subject had to pull two handles simultaneously to cause a piece of fruit to fall into the cage. Only three individuals acquired the operant behaviour. For the operant individuals, social influences on the expression of the learning task were then examined; the dominant chimpanzee during feeding had an inhibiting effect when close to the operant subjects. Depending on the subject, social factors may influence not only the specific expression of what is learnt, but also the nature of what is learnt. Chimpanzees appear to experience situations differently: they develop an individual problem-solving strategy according to their social relationships even if the experimental procedure is the same for all. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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569 |
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Author |
RÖHRS, M.; EBINGER, P. |
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Title |
Progressive und regressive Hirngrößenveränderungen bei Equiden |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Z zool Syst Evolut forsch |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
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Pages |
233-239 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
1513 |
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Author |
Schuhmann K, |
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Title |
Untersuchung zur Sozialstruktur des persischen Wildesels |
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1993 |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Freiburg |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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Serial |
1578 |
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Author |
Shah Nv, |
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Title |
Ecology of wild ass in Little Rann of Kutch |
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Year |
1993 |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Baroda University, India. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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Serial |
1587 |
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Author |
Goldschmidt, T.; Bakker, T.C.M.; Feuth-de Bruijn, E. |
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Title |
Selective copying in mate choice of female sticklebacks |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
541-547 |
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Abstract |
There is evidence that female three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., prefer to mate with males whose nests contain eggs rather than with males with empty nests. While there is consensus on this point, a dispute exists about whether this preference should be attributed to a direct effect of the eggs on the female's entering the nest or, alternatively, to a positive impact of the eggs on the courtship behaviour and breeding coloration of the male. In the field experiment reported here females strongly preferred nests with eggs over empty nests. Additionally, females were less likely to enter risky nests with eggs: nests that contained fewer eggs than one average clutch or more eggs than the average nest content of parental males in this population. However, in the field possible differences in male attractiveness were not controlled for. In supplementary laboratory experiments the effect on female choice of possible changes in male attractiveness (intensified courtship and coloration) as a result of the presence of eggs in the nest was tested. Other differences in male attractiveness as a result of differences in male quality (body size, breeding coloration before the test, territory quality and size) were controlled for. When females had no access to the nests, they showed no preference for males with eggs in their nests in simultaneous choice tests. These results, together with the earlier published data, make it likely that the preference of females for nests with eggs is partly a direct consequence of the eggs themselves. So female sticklebacks are influenced by the mate choice behaviour of other females, but remain selective as to the actual nest content. |
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1818 |
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Author |
Feh, C.; de Mazières, J. |
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Title |
Grooming at a preferred site reduces heart rate in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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46 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1191-1194 |
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Abstract. It is commonly suggested that the principal function of allogrooming is to reduce social tension between group members, but direct evidence of the physiological consequences of grooming at particular sites is lacking. By filming allogrooming sequences in a herd of Camargue horses, Equus caballus , their preferred grooming site, which lies on the lower neck, was identified. Experimental imitation of grooming at this site reduced the heart rate of the recipient while grooming on a non-preferred area did not, in both adults and foals. This preferred site lies close to a major ganglion of the autonomic nervous system. |
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2020 |
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Author |
Escos, J.; Alados, C.L.; Boza, J. |
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Title |
Leadership in a domestic goat herd |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-47 |
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Keywords |
Leadership; Goat |
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Abstract |
This study reports on leadership behavior in a domestic goat group (370 animals) moving from night-time areas to grazing areas. Of the adult females which occupied leadership positons, all of them were born in the study area. Also, they were individuals with more relatives alive in the group (according to matrilineal kinship) than the rest, but they did not show special physical characteristics. |
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2032 |
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