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Author |
Noë, R.; van Schaik, C.P.; van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M. |
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Title |
The Market Effect: an Explanation for Pay-off Asymmetries among Collaborating Animals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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Volume |
87 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
97-118 |
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Abstract |
Abstract * 1Animals can derive leverage over others from (a) resource holding power, based for instance on fighting ability or dominance, and (b) the possession of commodities, such as special skills and resources that cannot be taken away by force. * 2We contend that power based on the possession of commodities strongly depends on the level of supply and demand for that commodity, a phenomenon we call the ‘market effect’. * 3Several theoretical and empirical examples are given of social systems in which animals belong to two distinct classes that offer two different kinds of commodities. * 4The relative frequency of occurrence of the two classes is shown to determine the relative power of their members. * 5We consider the theoretical properties of bargaining processes by which relative power is converted into corresponding pay-off distributions. * 6We propose coalition games, a class of games with more than two players and in which bargaining is possible, as suitable paradigms for collaboration among members of social units. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1439-0310 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5413 |
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Author |
Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K. |
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Title |
Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
352 |
Issue |
6336 |
Pages |
619-621 |
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10.1038/352619a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5424 |
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Author |
Chase, M.W.; Hills, H.H. |
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Title |
Silica Gel: An Ideal Material for Field Preservation of Leaf Samples for DNA Studies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Taxon |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
215-220 |
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Abstract |
Silica gels an inexpensive and reliable substance to preserve field-collected leaves for molecular studies of variation in DNA. A method for its utilization is explained, and results are presented, comparing total cellular DNA samples extracted from a set of fresh and silica-gel dried samples of the same species, as well as examining the efficiency of endonuclease restriction and intactness of DNA from of a set of field-collected leaves preserved with silica gel. |
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International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) |
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ISSN |
0040-0262 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6004 |
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Author |
Sato, S.; Sako, S.; Maeda, A. |
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Title |
Social licking patterns in cattle (<em>Bos taurus</em>): influence of environmental and social factors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-12 |
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Abstract |
To investigate the functions of social licking in cattle, four calves (one heifer and one steer in each of two herds), known to exhibit frequent social licking were observed continuously for 2 h before sunset for 13 days, using the focal animal sampling method. Calves were observed under various environmental conditions. Social licking significantly decreased on rainy days and tended to increase in a dirty barn and when food was restricted. Solicitation for social licking occurred not only from dominant animals of pairs but also from subordinates. Of the licking interactions, 31% occurred following solicitation, and these accounted for 39% of the total time spent licking. Following solicitation, 78% of social licking was oriented to the head and the neck regions that were inaccessible to self-licking animals. Unsolicited licking, however, was oriented not only to the head and the neck but also to the back and the rump regions, and these two latter regions were the major ones to receive licking. The effect of social relationships on social licking was investigated using least-squares analysis of variance. Social factors investigated were the difference of dominance values, the dominance-subordinance relationship, and kinship and familiarity; the sex of calves involved was also considered. Only familiarity had a significant effect on licking; exchanges of social licking increased with length of cohabitation. We suggest that social licking may have a cleaning effect, a tension-reducing effect and a bonding effect. |
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Elsevier |
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ISSN |
0168-1591 |
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doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80158-3 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6409 |
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Author |
Lee, P. |
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Title |
Adaptation to environmental change:an evolutionary perspective |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Primate responses to environmental changes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
39-56 |
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Chapmann & Hall |
Place of Publication |
London |
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H. O. Box |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6523 |
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Author |
Scheidhacker, M.; Bender, W.; Vaitl, P. |
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Title |
Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Der Nervenarzt |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nervenarzt |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
283-287 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Animals; Attention; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; *Horses; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy/*methods; Schizophrenia/*rehabilitation; *Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept; *Sports |
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Abstract |
After describing horse-riding as a facility in managing mentally ill patients, a program for chronic schizophrenic in-patients is presented. Clinical experience with this program and also results of a controlled study are reported. The therapeutic value and slope for horse-riding are discussed in relation to different diagnoses. |
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Address |
Bezirkskrankenhaus Haar b. Munchen |
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German |
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Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten. Experimentelle Ergebnisse und klinische Erfahrungen |
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0028-2804 |
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Notes |
[The effectiveness of therapeutic horseback-riding in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. Experimental results and clinical experiences] |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5067 |
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