Records |
Author |
Kraus-Hansen, A.E.; Fackelman, G.E.; Becker, C.; Williams, R.M.; Pipers, F.S. |
Title |
Preliminary studies on the vascular anatomy of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
46-51 |
Keywords |
Angiography/veterinary; Animals; Exercise Test/veterinary; Forelimb; Horses/*anatomy & histology/surgery; Microcirculation; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Tendons/*blood supply/surgery/ultrastructure |
Abstract |
The vascular and microvascular anatomy of normal equine superficial digital flexor tendons was studied by dissection of vinyl-perfused specimens and by microangiography on high detail film. The presence of an extensive intratendinous vascular latticework was confirmed, and a 'nutrient artery' described closely associated with the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (proximal check ligament). Circumferential stripping of the paratenon from the tendon to eliminate afferent vessels was performed bilaterally in three horses and unilaterally in a fourth, followed by a treadmill training regimen. No resulting intratendinous lesions could be documented on gross post mortem and histological examination at three, 10, or 35 days post operatively. There was mild paratendinous proliferation in all instances. In one horse, four intratendinous ligatures were placed within the medial and lateral borders of the contralateral tendon to isolate further from its blood supply a 10 cm segment. Gross lesions at 35 days post operatively included a marked paratendinous response involving the entire 10 cm segment, and a darkened, soft focus within the core of the tendon. Histopathology and electron microscopy demonstrated focal degeneration. It was concluded that the blood supply of the normal equine superficial digital flexor tendon is primarily intratendinous, rather than paratendinous as previously thought. The lesions in one horse similar to those in naturally occurring tendinitis supported a vascular aetiology of the disease, and set the groundwork for studies aimed at the development of a clinically relevant tendinitis model. |
Address |
Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:1555540 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
151 |
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Author |
Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R. |
Title |
Transfer across delayed discriminations: evidence regarding the nature of prospective working memory |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
154-173 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Attention; *Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; *Mental Recall; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; Problem Solving; Retention (Psychology); *Transfer (Psychology) |
Abstract |
Pigeons were trained successively either on 2 delayed simple discriminations or on a delayed simple discrimination followed by delayed matching-to-sample. During subsequent transfer tests, the initial stimuli from the 1st task were substituted for those in the 2nd. Performances transferred immediately if both sets of initial stimuli had been associated with the presence versus absence of food on their respective retention tests, and the direction of transfer (positive or negative) depended on whether the substitution involved stimuli with identical or different outcome associates. No transfer was found, however, when the initial stimuli were associated with different patterns of responding but food occurred at the end of every trial. These results are consistent with outcome expectancy mediation but are incompatible with response intention and retrospective coding accounts. |
Address |
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1364 |
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ISSN |
0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:1583445 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
260 |
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Author |
Reid, P.J.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
Title |
Detection of cryptic prey: search image or search rate? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
273-286 |
Keywords |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Food Preferences/psychology; *Imagination; *Mental Recall; *Predatory Behavior |
Abstract |
Animals' improvement in capturing cryptic prey with experience has long been attributed to a perceptual mechanism, the specific search image. Detection could also be improved by adjusting rate of search. In a series of studies using both naturalistic and operant search tasks, pigeons searched for wheat, dyed to produce 1 conspicuous and 2 equally cryptic prey types. Contrary to the predictions of the search-rate hypothesis, pigeons given a choice between the 2 cryptic types took the type experienced most recently. However, experience with 1 cryptic type improved accuracy on the other cryptic type, a result inconsistent with a search image specific to 1 prey type. Search image may better be thought of as priming of attention to those features of the prey type that best distinguish the prey from the background. |
Address |
University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:1619395 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
381 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J.; Plowright, C.M. |
Title |
How pigeons estimate rates of prey encounter |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
219-235 |
Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Food Preferences/*psychology; Motivation; *Predatory Behavior; *Probability Learning; *Reinforcement Schedule; Social Environment |
Abstract |
Pigeons were trained on operant schedules simulating successive encounters with prey items. When items were encountered on variable-interval schedules, birds were more likely to accept a poor item (long delay to food) the longer they had just searched, as if they were averaging prey density over a short memory window (Experiment 1). Responding as if the immediate future would be like the immediate past was reversed when a short search predicted a long search next time (Experiment 2). Experience with different degrees of environmental predictability appeared to change the length of the memory window (Experiment 3). The results may reflect linear waiting (Higa, Wynne, & Staddon, 1991), but they differ in some respects. The findings have implications for possible mechanisms of adjusting behavior to current reinforcement conditions. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:1619391 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
382 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
Title |
Meaning and mind in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
Volume |
267 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
122-128 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Male; Speech; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Address |
University of Pennsylvania |
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English |
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ISSN |
0036-8733 |
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Notes |
PMID:1439710 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
701 |
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Author |
Harkins, J.D.; Kamerling, S.G.; Church, G. |
Title |
Effect of competition on performance of thoroughbred racehorses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
Volume |
72 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
836-841 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Anxiety/physiopathology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Exertion/*physiology; Fatigue/physiopathology; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Lactates/blood; Lactic Acid; Male; Sex Characteristics |
Abstract |
The effect of competition and the influence of age and sex on performance were examined in a study of 18 Thoroughbred racehorses. The horses performed two solo and two competitive runs at 1,200 and 1,600 m for a total of eight runs. No group ran faster during competition, which may have been a reflection of the quality of horses used for this study and their susceptibility to stress-induced impairment of performance. Males showed no significant difference between competitive and solo run times, whereas females were consistently slower during competition. Males ran significantly faster than females in all runs. There was no difference in run times due to age, which may have been due to the high mean age (5.9 yr) of the group. The slower competitive run times may have occurred because of an earlier onset of fatigue when compared with solo runs. Plasma lactate was significantly greater for the 1,200-m competitive than for the solo runs. |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803 |
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ISSN |
8750-7587 |
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Notes |
PMID:1568979 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1947 |
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Author |
Cheney DL; Seyfarth RM |
Title |
Characterizing the mind of another species |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Behav. Brain Sci. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
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Pages |
172 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2988 |
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Author |
Lin AC; Bard KA; Anderson JR |
Title |
Development of self-recognition and self-conscious emotions |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Child Dev. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
106 |
Issue |
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Pages |
120 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3016 |
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Author |
Povinelli DJ; deBlois S |
Title |
Young children's understanding of knowledge information in themselves and others |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
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Volume |
106 |
Issue |
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Pages |
228 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3028 |
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Author |
Povinelli DJ; Nelson KE; Boysen ST |
Title |
Comprehension of role reversal in chimpanzees: evidence of empathy? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
43 |
Issue |
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Pages |
633 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3031 |
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