Records |
Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Kortz, G.; Murphy, C.; Rodger, L. |
Title |
Photic headshaking in the horse: 7 cases |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
306-311 |
Keywords |
Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal; Cyproheptadine/therapeutic use; Female; *Head; Horse Diseases/drug therapy/*etiology; Horses; Light/*adverse effects; Male; Movement Disorders/drug therapy/etiology/*veterinary |
Abstract |
Seven horses with headshaking are described. No physical abnormalities were detected in any of the cases. Six of these horses had onset of clinical signs in the spring. The role of light was assessed by application of a blindfold or dark grey lens to the eyes, covering the eyes with a face mask and observing the horse in total darkness outdoors. Cessation of headshaking was observed with blindfolding (5/5 horses), night darkness outdoors (4/4 horses) and use of grey lenses (2/3 horses). Outdoor behaviour suggested efforts to avoid light in 4/4 cases. The photic sneeze in man is suggested as a putative mechanism for equine headshaking. Five of 7 horses had improvement with cyproheptadine treatment (0.3 mg/kg bwt b.i.d.). Headshaking developed within 2 calendar weeks of the same date for 3 consecutive years in one horse. Neuropharmacological alterations associated with photoperiod mechanisms leading to optic trigeminal summation are suggested as possible reasons for spring onset of headshaking. |
Address |
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616-8737, USA |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:8536668 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1940 |
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Author |
Waran, N.K.; Robertson, V.; Cuddeford, D.; Kokoszko, A.; Marlin, D.J. |
Title |
Effects of transporting horses facing either forwards or backwards on their behaviour and heart rate |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
Volume |
139 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7-11 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Heart Rate; *Horses; Male; Posture/*physiology; *Transportation |
Abstract |
The effects of transporting horses facing either forwards or backwards were compared by transporting six thoroughbred horses in pairs in a lorry on one journey facing in the direction of travel, and on another journey facing away from the direction of travel, over a standard one-hour route. Heart rate monitors were used to record their heart rate before, during and after the journey and the horses' behaviour was recorded by scan sampling each horse every other minute. The average heart rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) when the horses were transported facing backwards, and they also tended to rest on their rumps more (P = 0.059). In the forward-facing position, the horses moved more frequently (P < 0.05) and tended to hold their necks in a higher than normal position and to vocalise more frequently (P = 0.059). During loading the average peak heart rate was 38 bpm lower (P < 0.05) when the horses were backed into the horse box for rear-facing transport than when they were loaded facing forwards. However, there was no difference between transport facing forwards or backwards in terms of the peak unloading heart rate, or the average heart rate during loading or unloading. The horses seemed to find being transported less physically stressful when they were facing backwards than when they were facing forwards. |
Address |
Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, School of Agriculture |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0042-4900 |
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Notes |
PMID:8966985 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1938 |
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Author |
Summerley, H.L.; Thomason, J.J.; Bignell, W.W. |
Title |
Effect of rider and riding style on deformation of the front hoof wall in warmblood horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume |
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Issue |
26 |
Pages |
81-85 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; Gait/*physiology; Hoof and Claw/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Videotape Recording; Weight-Bearing |
Abstract |
A rider modifies the weight distribution and dynamic balance of the horse. But what effect does a rider have on the mechanical behaviour of the hoof during each stance phase? Does riding style have any effect on this behaviour? We attempted to answer these questions using strains recorded from 5 rosette strain gauges glued to the surface of the front hooves of 4 Warmblood horses. Comparisons were made between strains with and without a rider, and when the rider was sitting, rising at a trot, or in a forward seated position. The change in strains from trot to lead or nonlead at a canter, and the effect of turning were also studied. Changing lead at a canter had as least as much effect on strain magnitudes as did turning; strains were up to 43% higher for the nonlead foot, but with little redistribution. Perhaps surprisingly, strains were significantly lower on the quarters by up to 30% with a rider than without, with a 10% increase or decrease at the toe, depending on the individual. Riding style changed strain magnitudes by up to 20% and also caused strain redistribution: strains were higher medially for sitting, and laterally for forward seat, with strains for a rising trot being more evenly distributed and intermediate in magnitude. Studying the range of, and causes of variation in hoof wall strain gives baseline data aimed, in the long term, at providing a biomechanical definition of hoof balance. |
Address |
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada |
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English |
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Notes |
PMID:9932097 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1934 |
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Author |
Luescher, U.A. |
Title |
More on self-mutilative behavior in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume |
203 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1252-1253 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; Horses/*psychology; Male; *Self Mutilation |
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English |
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ISSN |
0003-1488 |
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Notes |
PMID:8253611 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1942 |
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Author |
McDonnell, S.M. |
Title |
More on self-mutilative behavior in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Volume |
202 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1545-1546 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; Horses/*injuries/psychology; Male; *Self Mutilation |
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ISSN |
0003-1488 |
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Notes |
PMID:8514553 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1943 |
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Author |
Harkins, J.D.; Kamerling, S.G.; Church, G. |
Title |
Effect of competition on performance of thoroughbred racehorses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Physiol |
Volume |
72 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
836-841 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Anxiety/physiopathology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Exertion/*physiology; Fatigue/physiopathology; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Lactates/blood; Lactic Acid; Male; Sex Characteristics |
Abstract |
The effect of competition and the influence of age and sex on performance were examined in a study of 18 Thoroughbred racehorses. The horses performed two solo and two competitive runs at 1,200 and 1,600 m for a total of eight runs. No group ran faster during competition, which may have been a reflection of the quality of horses used for this study and their susceptibility to stress-induced impairment of performance. Males showed no significant difference between competitive and solo run times, whereas females were consistently slower during competition. Males ran significantly faster than females in all runs. There was no difference in run times due to age, which may have been due to the high mean age (5.9 yr) of the group. The slower competitive run times may have occurred because of an earlier onset of fatigue when compared with solo runs. Plasma lactate was significantly greater for the 1,200-m competitive than for the solo runs. |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803 |
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English |
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ISSN |
8750-7587 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:1568979 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1947 |
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Author |
Krzak, W.E.; Gonyou, H.W.; Lawrence, L.M. |
Title |
Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
Volume |
69 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1053-1058 |
Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; *Mastication; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage; Videotape Recording; Wood |
Abstract |
Nine yearling horses, stabled in individual stalls, were used in a trial to determine the diurnal pattern of wood chewing and the effects of exercise on this behavior. The trial was a Latin square design conducted over three 2-wk periods during which each horse was exposed to each of the three following treatments: 1) no exercise (NE), 2) exercise after the morning feeding (AM), and 3) exercise in the afternoon (PM). Horses were fed a complete pelleted feed in the morning and both pelleted feed and long-stemmed hay in the afternoon. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a mechanical walker followed by 45 min in a paddock with bare soil. Each stall was equipped with two untreated spruce boards during each period for wood chewing. Wood chewing was evaluated by videotaping each horse for 22 h during each period, determining the weight and volume of the boards before and after each period, and by visual appraisal of the boards. Intake of trace mineralized salt was also measured. Wood chewing occurred primarily between 2200 and 1200. All measures of wood chewing were correlated when totals for the entire 6 wk were analyzed. When analysis was performed on 2-wk values, videotape results were not correlated with volume or weight loss of boards. Horses chewed more when on the NE treatment (511 s/d) than when on AM or PM (57 and 136 s/d, respectively; P less than .05). Salt intake tended to be greater for NE than for the other treatments (P less than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
Address |
Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:2061237 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1949 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gill, J. |
Title |
A new method for continuous recording of motor activity in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp Biochem Physiol A |
Volume |
99 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
333-341 |
Keywords |
Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation/*veterinary; *Motor Activity; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted |
Abstract |
1. The use of an electronic recorder for the horse motor activity was described. 2. Examples of different types of motor activities are given in Figs 1-8. 3. The ultradian pattern of activity in all records was stressed. 4. The possibility of receiving of more physiological informations by this type of apparatus is discussed. |
Address |
Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0300-9629 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:1678331 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1950 |
Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lane, J.G.; Mair, T.S. |
Title |
Observations on headshaking in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
331-336 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Head; *Horses; Male; *Movement |
Abstract |
The clinical records of 100 cases of headshaking in horses were reviewed. Possible causes of the abnormal behaviour were identified in 11 animals; these included ear mite infestation, otitis interna, cranial nerve dysfunction, cervical injury, ocular disease, guttural pouch mycosis, dental periapical osteitis and suspected vasomotor rhinitis. However, in only two of these could it be shown that correction of the abnormality led to elimination of the headshaking. The additional clinical signs exhibited by the other idiopathic cases of headshaking included evidence of nasal irritation, sneezing and snorting, nasal discharge, coughing and excessive lacrimation. Many of these horses also showed a marked seasonal pattern with respect to the onset of the disease and the recurrence of signs in subsequent years. The clinical presentation of idiopathic headshakers and the seasonal incidence of the signs closely resemble allergic rhinitis in man. |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:3622462 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1953 |
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Author |
Klingel, H. |
Title |
Social organization of feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
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Pages |
89-95 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Territoriality |
Abstract |
The basic social unit in feral horses is the family group consisting of one stallion, one to a few unrelated mares and their foals. Surplus stallions associate in bachelor groups. Stallions are instrumental in bringing mares together in a unit which then persists even without a stallion. The similarity of social organization in populations living in a variety of different habitats indicates that feral horses have reverted to the habits of their wild ancestors, and that domestication has had no influence on this basic behavioural feature. |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0449-3087 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:6962906 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1958 |
Permanent link to this record |