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| Author |
Vallortigara, G.; Regolin, L.; Rigoni, M.; Zanforlin, M. |
| Title |
Delayed search for a concealed imprinted object in the domestic chick |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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1 |
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1 |
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17-24 |
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Five-day-old chicks were accustomed to follow an imprinted object (a small red ball with which they had been reared) that was moving slowly in a large arena, until it disappeared behind an opaque screen. In experiments, each chick was initially confined in a transparent cage, from where it could see and track the ball while it moved towards, and then beyond, one of two screens. The screens could be either identical or differ in colour and pattern. Either immediately after the disappearance of the ball, or with a certain delay, the chick was released and allowed to search for its imprinted object behind either screen. The results showed that chicks took into account the directional cue provided by the ball movement and its concealment, up to a delay period of about 180 s, independently of the perceptual characteristics of the two screens. If an opaque partition was positioned in front of the transparent cage immediately after the ball had disappeared, so that, throughout the delay, neither the goal-object nor the two screens were visible, chicks were still capable of remembering and choosing the correct screen, though over a much shorter period of about 60 s. The results suggest that, at least in this precocial bird species, very young chicks can maintain some form of representation of the location where a social partner was last seen, and are also capable of continuously updating this representation so as to take into account successive displacements of the goal-object. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3347 |
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Spinozzi, G.; Natale, F.; Langer, J.; Brakke, K.E. |
| Title |
Spontaneous class grouping behavior by bonobos (Pan paniscus) and common chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
157-170 |
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Two experiments investigated spontaneous class grouping behavior by human-enculturated and language-reared bonobos (Pan paniscus) and common chimpanzees (P. troglodytes). In experiment 1, three chimpanzees ranging in age from 6 to 18 years were presented with six objects. The objects embodied three conditions: additive, multiplicative and disjoint classes. All chimpanzees spontaneously produced single- and two-category classifying. In experiment 2, six chimpanzees ranging in age from 6 to 21 years were presented with 12 objects in the same class conditions. Chimpanzees mainly produced single-category classifying. Their two-category classifying was more rudimentary than that found in experiment 1. Chimpanzees did not produce any three-category classifying which would be necessary to construct the hierarchies that humans begin to construct during early childhood. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3356 |
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| Author |
Shuster, G.; Sherman, P.W. |
| Title |
Tool use by naked mole-rats |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
71-74 |
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Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber, Rodentia: Bathyergidae) excavate extensive subterranean burrows with their procumbent incisors. Captive individuals often place a wood shaving or tuber husk behind their incisor teeth and in front of their lips and molar teeth while gnawing on substrates that yield fine particulate debris. This oral barrier may prevent choking or aspiration of foreign material. Consistent use of tools has rarely been reported in rodents. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3367 |
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Purpura, G.J. |
| Title |
In Search of Human Uniqueness |
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2006 |
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Philosophical Psychology |
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19 |
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443-461 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3435 |
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| Author |
Kaplan, G.; Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Patterns of Gazing in Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
23 |
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3 |
Pages |
501-526 |
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Eyes play an important role in communication amongst humans and animals. However, relatively little is known about specific differences in eye morphology amongst primates and how these features might be associated with social structure and direction of gaze. We present a detailed study of gazing and eye morphology-exposed sclera and surrounding features in orangutans. We measured gazing in rehabilitating orangutans in two contexts: interspecific viewing of the experimenter (with video camera) and intraspecific gazing (between subjects). Our findings show that direct staring is avoided and social looking is limited to certain age/social categories: juveniles engage in more looking at other orangutans than do adults or infants. While orangutans use eye movements in social communication, they avoid the more prolonged mutual gaze that is characteristic of humans, and also apparent in chimpanzees and gorillas. Detailed frame-by-frame analysis of videotapes from field and zoo studies of orangutans revealed that they pay visual attention to both human observers and conspecifics by glancing sideways, with the head turned at an angle away from the subject being observed. Mutual gaze was extremely rare, and we have observed only two incidences of gaze following. Orangutans in captivity appear to use a more restricted pattern of gazes compared to free-living, rehabilitating ones, possibly suggesting the presence of a pathological condition (such as depression) in the captive subjects. Our findings have implications for further investigations of social communication and cognition in orangutans. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3398 |
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| Author |
Davidsson T.E.; Leonardson L.G.; Marston H.M. |
| Title |
Analysis of cognitive function in animals, the value of SDT |
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1996 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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3 |
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269-277 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3451 |
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Weed M.R.; Taffe M.A.; Polis I.; Roberts A.C.; Robbins T.W.; Koob G.F.; Bloom F.E.; Gold L.H. |
| Title |
Performance norms for a rhesus monkey neuropsychological testing battery: acquisition and long-term performance |
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1999 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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8 |
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185-201 |
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3459 |
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Vallortigara G.; Regolin L.; Pagni P. |
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Detour behaviour, imprinting and visual lateralization in the domestic chick |
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1999 |
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Cognitive Brain Research |
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7 |
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307-320 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3461 |
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| Author |
Vallortigara G. |
| Title |
Minds of Their Own |
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| Year |
1998 |
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Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
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2 |
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118-118 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3466 |
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| Author |
Taylor, J.G. |
| Title |
What do Neuronal Network Models of the Mind Indicate about Animal Consciousness? |
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2001 |
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Animal Welfare |
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10 |
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63-75 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3490 |
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