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| Author | McCall, C.A.; Salters, M.A.; Simpson, S.M. | ||||
| Title | Relationship between number of conditioning trials per training session and avoidance learning in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 36 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 291-299 |
| Keywords | Horse; Learning; Avoidance conditioning | ||||
| Abstract | Sixteen horses were used to determine if number of trials given per training session (5, 10, 15 or 20) affected learning performance in an avoidance conditioning task. The horse had to move from one side of a test pen to the other during an auditory cue presentation to avoid aversive stimulation. A pen 8 mx3.6 m, divided into two equal sections by a 13-cm diameter plastic pipe lying on the ground, was used as the test pen. Painted plywood panels were fastened to the fence in half the pen to help horses distinguish visually between the two parts. A 10-s auditory cue was used as a signal for horses to move from one side of the test pen to the other. A 20-s intertrial interval was used. Training sessions were conducted every third day. Each trial was recorded as an avoidance (the horse completed the task during auditory cue presentation and avoided aversive stimulus) or an error (the horse received aversive stimulus). After completing ten consecutive avoidances (criterion), the horse was removed from the study. Numbers of training sessions, trials, avoidances and errors until reaching criterion were recorded for each horse. Horses varied greatly within these variables with ranges of 3-18 sessions, 37-121 trials, 20-68 avoidances and 17-53 errors to criterion. No differences were detected (P>0.05) in the number of conditioning trials per training session (treatment) for the mean number of trials, avoidances or errors to criterion. Number of training sessions to criterion differed (P<0.01) among treatments, indicating that an optimum number of learning trials per training session might exist. Mean sessions to criterion for horses receiving 5, 10, 15 and 20 trials per session were 15.1+/-1.3, 5.8+/-1.1, 5.3+/-1.1 and 4.6+/-1.1, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that 16.2 trials per training session would minimize number of sessions to criterion. Although it is widely assumed that learning efficiency in horses is decreased when intense activity is concentrated into a small number of sessions, these results indicate that moderate repetition of training activities is needed for efficient learning. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3686 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F. B.; Tyack, P., (eds) | ||||
| Title | Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Harvard University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Editor | de Waal, F. B.; Tyack, P., |
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4096 | ||
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| Author | Laland K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social learning strategies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Learn. Behav. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 4-14 | |
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| Abstract | In most studies of social learning in animals, no attempt has been made to examine the nature of the strategy adopted by animals when they copy others. Researchers have expended considerable effort in exploring the psychological processes that underlie social learning and amassed extensive data banks recording purported social learning in the field, but the contexts under which animals copy others remain unexplored. Yet, theoretical models used to investigate the adaptive advantages of social learning lead to the conclusion that social learning cannot be indiscriminate and that individuals should adopt strategies that dictate the circumstances under which they copy others and from whom they learn. In this article, I discuss a number of possible strategies that are predicted by theoretical analyses, including copy when uncertain, copy the majority, and copy if better, and consider the empirical evidence in support of each, drawing from both the animal and human social learning literature. Reliance on social learning strategies may be organized hierarchically, their being employed by animals when unlearned and asocially learned strategies prove ineffective but before animals take recourse in innovation. | ||||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4193 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K. (ed) | ||||
| Title | Proceedings of the International Equine Science Meeting 2008 | Type | Conference Volume | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Equine Ecology; Equine Sociality; Equine Learning; Equine Cognition; Equine Welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Target group: Biologists, Psychologists, Veterinarians and Professionals Meeting target: Because the last international meeting on Equine Science took place a couple years ago, there is an urgent need for equine scientists to exchange scientific knowledge, coordinate research provide knowledge for practical application, and discus research results among themselves and with professionals who work with horses. Additionally, dialog concerning the coordination of the study “Equitation Science” in Europe is urgently needed. Coordination and cooperation shall arise from the meeting, enrich the research, and advance the application of scientific knowledge for the horses` welfare. |
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| Publisher | Xenophon Verlag | Place of Publication | Wald | Editor | Krueger, K. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-9808134-0-2 | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4508 | ||
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| Author | Briard, L.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. | ||||
| Title | How stallions influence the dynamic of collective movements in two groups of domestic horses, from departure to arrival | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 142 | Issue | Pages | 56-63 | |
| Keywords | consensus; herding; polygyny; personal leadership; shared decision | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract The role of leader in polygynous species has been solely attributed to the male for some time, but recent studies shown decision making to be distributed within the group. However, the specific reproductive strategy and behavioural repertoire of males in polygynous species such as horses may mean that these individuals still have the potential to play a specific role during decision-making. To investigate this subject, we thoroughly studied the behaviour of two domestic stallions during collective movements of their group. We found that they initiated rarely and sometimes failed to recruit the entire group. When departing as followers, they did not accelerate the joining process. Both stallions preferentially occupied the rear position and exhibited numerous monitoring behaviours. Herding behaviours were performed by only one stallion and mostly occurred outside movement context. Finally, we removed this herding stallion from its group to evaluate how the group dynamic changed. As a result, half of the collective movements were five times slower and mares were more dispersed in comparison when the stallion was in the group. Overall, our results suggest that, the two stallions maintained their role of group monitors from departure to arrival. Their influence on the movement dynamic was indirect and did not play a specific role in the process of decision making. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6151 | ||
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| Author | Bílá, K.; Beránková, J.; Veselý, P.; Bugnyar, T.; Schwab, C. | ||||
| Title | Responses of urban crows to con- and hetero-specific alarm calls in predator and non-predator zoo enclosures | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 43-51 |
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| Abstract | Urban animals and birds in particular are able to cope with diverse novel threats in a city environment such as avoiding novel, unfamiliar predators. Predator avoidance often includes alarm signals that can be used also by hetero-specifics, which is mainly the case in mixed-species flocks. It can also occur when species do not form flocks but co-occur together. In this study we tested whether urban crows use alarm calls of conspecifics and hetero-specifics (jackdaws, Corvus monedula) differently in a predator and a non-predator context with partly novel and unfamiliar zoo animal species. Birds were tested at the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in the city of Vienna by playing back con- and hetero-specific alarm calls and control stimuli (great tit song and no stimuli) at predator (wolf, polar bear) and non-predator (eland antelope and cranes, peccaries) enclosures. We recorded responses of crows as the percentage of birds flying away after hearing the playback (out of those present before the playback) and as the number of vocalizations given by the present birds. A significantly higher percentage of crows flew away after hearing either con- or hetero-specific alarm calls, but it did not significantly differ between the predator and the non-predator context. Crows treated jackdaw calls just as crow calls, indicating that they make proper use of hetero-specific alarm calls. Responding similarly in both contexts may suggest that the crows were uncertain about the threat a particular zoo animal represents and were generally cautious. In the predator context, however, a high percentage of crows also flew away upon hearing the great tit control song which suggests that they may still evaluate those species which occasionally killed crows as more dangerous and respond to any conspicuous sound. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bílá2017 | Serial | 6159 | ||
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| Author | Lefebvre, L.; Reader, S.M.; Sol, D. | ||||
| Title | Brains, Innovations and Evolution in Birds and Primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Brain, Behavior and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain. Behav. Evol. |
| Volume | 63 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 233-246 |
| Keywords | Innovation W Brain evolution W Hyperstriatum ventrale W Neostriatum W Isocortex W Birds W Primates W Tool use W Invasion biology | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract Several comparative research programs have focusedon the cognitive, life history and ecological traits thataccount for variation in brain size. We review one ofthese programs, a program that uses the reported frequencyof behavioral innovation as an operational measureof cognition. In both birds and primates, innovationrate is positively correlated with the relative size of associationareas in the brain, the hyperstriatum ventrale andneostriatum in birds and the isocortex and striatum inprimates. Innovation rate is also positively correlatedwith the taxonomic distribution of tool use, as well asinterspecific differences in learning. Some features ofcognition have thus evolved in a remarkably similar wayin primates and at least six phyletically-independent avianlineages. In birds, innovation rate is associated withthe ability of species to deal with seasonal changes in theenvironment and to establish themselves in new regions,and it also appears to be related to the rate atwhich lineages diversify. Innovation rate provides a usefultool to quantify inter-taxon differences in cognitionand to test classic hypotheses regarding the evolution ofthe brain. |
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| ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4738 | ||
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| Author | Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, S. M. (eds) | ||||
| Title | The Domestic Horse | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Humans have had a profound influence on the horse since its domestication in the late Neolithic period. Used for transport, labour, food and recreation, horses have become important in many facets of our society. Daniel Mills and Sue McDonnell have produced an exceptional account of our current knowledge of the development and management of the behaviour of the horse, from its wild roots. The Domestic Horse brings together, for the first time, an unrivalled collection of international scientific authors to write on the latest findings concerning the behaviour and welfare of this beautiful animal. Illustrated throughout, The Domestic Horse will appeal to animal scientists, those working with horses in a professional capacity and the owner/enthusiast. It also provides sound complementary reading for animal/equine science courses and veterinary students. | ||||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Camebridge | Editor | Mills, D.S.; McDonnell, S. M. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780521891134 | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4750 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | “Pferdehaltung und Ethologie der Pferde” im Bachelorstudiengang Pferdewirtschaft | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Forschendes Lernen initiieren, umsetzen und reflektieren | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 54-81 | ||
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| Publisher | UniversitätsVerlag Webler | Place of Publication | Bielefeld | Editor | : S. Lepp und C. Niederdrenk-Felgner |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 10: 3-937026-91-6 | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5944 | ||
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| Author | Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J. | ||||
| Title | Behavioural adaptation in the domestic horse: potential role of apparently abnormal responses including stereotypic behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Livestock Production Science | Abbreviated Journal | Livest. Prod. Sci. |
| Volume | 92 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 177-182 |
| Keywords | Behavioural adaptation; Horse; Stereotypic behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Classically, biologists have considered adaptation of behavioural characteristics in terms of long-term functional benefits to the individual, such as survival or reproductive fitness. In captive species, including the domestic horse, this level of explanation is limited, as for the most part, horses are housed in conditions that differ markedly from those in which they evolved. In addition, an individual horse's reproductive fitness is largely determined by man rather than its own behavioural strategies. Perhaps for reasons of this kind, explanations of behavioural adaptation to environmental challenges by domestic animals, including the capacity to learn new responses to these challenges, tend to concentrate on the proximate causes of behaviour. However, understanding the original function of these adaptive responses can help us explain why animals perform apparently novel or functionless activities in certain housing conditions and may help us to appreciate what the animal welfare implications might be. This paper reviews the behavioural adaptation of the domestic horse to captivity and discusses how apparently abnormal behaviour may not only provide a useful practical indicator of specific environmental deficiencies but may also serve the animal as an adaptive response to these deficiencies in an “abnormal” environment. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0301-6226 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4829 | ||
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