Records |
Author |
A. Wiggins; K. Crowston |
Title |
From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-10 |
Keywords |
groupware; natural sciences computing; research and development; social sciences; crowdsourcing; citizen science typology; research collaboration; scientific research projects; virtual collaboration; Communities; Education; Monitoring; Collaboration; Organizations; Biological system modeling; Production |
Abstract |
Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. Existing typologies of citizen science projects focus primarily on the structure of participation, paying little attention to the organizational and macrostructural properties that are important to designing and managing effective projects and technologies. By examining a variety of project characteristics, we identified five types-Action, Conservation, Investigation, Virtual, and Education- that differ in primary project goals and the importance of physical environment to participation. |
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2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences |
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1530-1605 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6430 |
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Author |
Burden, F.; Thiemann, A. |
Title |
Donkeys Are Different |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2015 Equine Science Society Symposium |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
376-382 |
Keywords |
Donkey; Ass; Equid; Mule |
Abstract |
As a unique species of equine, the donkey has certain specific variations from the horse. This review highlights the origins of the donkey and how this impacts on its behavior, physiology, and propensity to disease. The donkey is less of a flight animal and has been used by humans for pack and draught work, in areas where their ability to survive poorer diets, and transboundary disease while masking overt signs of pain and distress has made them indispensable to human livelihoods. When living as a companion animal, however, the donkey easily accumulates adipose tissue, and this may create a metabolically compromised individual prone to diseases of excess such as laminitis and hyperlipemia. They show anatomic variations from the horse especially in the hoof, upper airway, and their conformation. Variations in physiology lead to differences in the metabolism and distribution of many drugs. With over 44 million donkeys worldwide, it is important that veterinarians have the ability to understand and treat this equid effectively. |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6541 |
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Author |
Zajonc, R.B. |
Title |
Social Facilitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
149 |
Issue |
3681 |
Pages |
269-274 |
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Abstract |
300 Multiple ChoicesThis is a pdf-only article and there is no markup to show you.full-text.pdf |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6565 |
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Author |
Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. |
Title |
Dominance and Leadership: Useful Concepts in Human-Horse Interactions? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2017 Equine Science Symposium |
Volume |
52 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
Keywords |
Horse; Social order; Dominance hierarchy; Aggression; Injury; Learning; Training |
Abstract |
Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to suboptimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses, but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horse's natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse's social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6712 |
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Author |
Gallup GG |
Title |
Chimpanzees: self-recognition |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1970 |
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Science |
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Science |
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167 |
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86 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2997 |
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Author |
Premack D; Woodruff G |
Title |
Chimpanzee problem-solving: a test for comprehension |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Science |
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Science |
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202(3) |
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532 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3034 |
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Author |
Zentall TR; Levine JM |
Title |
Observational learning and social facilitation in the rat |
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Journal Article |
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1972 |
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Science |
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Science |
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178 |
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1220 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3053 |
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Author |
Clayton NS; Dickinson A |
Title |
Rational rats |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Science |
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Science |
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9 |
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472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3061 |
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