| Records |
| Author |
Chaplin, S.J.; Gretgrix, L. |
| Title |
Effect of housing conditions on activity and lying behaviour of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
animal |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
792-795 |
| Keywords |
lying, behaviour, activity, equine, housing |
| Abstract |
Housing conditions for horses impose various levels of confinement, which may compromise welfare. Lying behaviour and activity can be used as welfare indicators for domestic animals and rebound behaviour suggests a build-up of motivation resulting from deprivation. The objective of this study was to determine if activity and lying behaviour of horses are affected by housing conditions and to investigate the occurrence of rebound behaviour after release from confinement. Eight horses were subjected, in pairs, to each of four experimental treatments; paddock (P), fully stabled (FS), partly stabled (PS) and yard (Y). Each horse received 6 days acclimatisation prior to the 24 h recording period. Time spent in lying and activity were electronically recorded using a tilt switch and motion sensor connected to a data logger worn on the horse's left foreleg. Time spent active during the first 5 min of release from stable to paddock in the PS treatment (days 1 and 5) and at the same time of day in the P treatment was used as a measure of rebound behaviour. Effect of housing conditions on total time spent active was highly significant (FS = 123 s, PS = 158 s, Y = 377 s, P = 779 s, P < 0.001). Housing conditions did not significantly affect total time spent lying (P = 0.646). Horses were significantly more active, compared with baseline paddock behaviour, on release from stabling on both days 1 (P = 0.006) and 5 (P = 0.025) of PS treatment. These results suggest that activity patterns of horses, but not lying behaviour, are affected by the housing conditions tested and that rebound activity occurs in horses after a period of confinement. |
| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
2010/01/21 |
| ISSN |
1751-7311 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes  |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6603 |
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| Author |
Dyson, S.; Berger, J.; Ellis, A.D.; Mullard, J. |
| Title |
Development of an ethogram for a pain scoring system in ridden horses and its application to determine the presence of musculoskeletal pain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
47-57 |
| Keywords |
Lameness; Equine behavior; Pain grading; Headshaking; Bucking; Rearing |
| Abstract |
There is evidence that more than 47% of the sports horse population in normal work may be lame, but the lameness is not recognized by owners or trainers. An alternative means of detecting pain may be recognition of behavioral changes in ridden horses. It has been demonstrated that there are differences in facial expressions in nonlame and lame horses. The purpose of this study was to develop a whole horse ethogram for ridden horses and to determine whether it could be applied repeatedly by 1 observer (repeatability study, 9 horses) and if, by application of a related pain behavior score, lame horses (n = 24) and nonlame horses (n = 13) could be differentiated. It was hypothesized that there would be some overlap in pain behavior scores among nonlame and lame horses; and that overall, nonlame horses would have a lower pain behavior score than lame horses. The ethogram was developed with 117 behavioral markers, and the horses were graded twice in random order by a trained specialist using video footage. Overall, there was a good correlation between the 2 assessments (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.91). Behavioral markers that were not consistent across the 2 assessments were omitted, reducing the ethogram to 70 markers. The modified ethogram was applied to video recordings of the nonlame horses and lame horses (ethogram evaluation). There was a strong correlation between 20 behavioral markers and the presence of lameness. The ethogram was subsequently simplified to 24 behavioral markers, by the amalgamation of similar behaviors which scored similarly and by omission of markers which showed unreliable results in relation to lameness. Following this, the maximum individual occurrence score for lame horses was 14 (out of 24 possible markers), with a median and mean score of 9 (±2 standard deviation) compared with a maximum score of 6 for nonlame horses, with a median and mean score of 2 (±1.4). For lame horses, the following behaviors occurred significantly more (P < 0.05, chi-square): ears back, mouth opening, tongue out, change in eye posture and expression, going above the bit, head tossing, tilting the head, unwillingness to go, crookedness, hurrying, changing gait spontaneously, poor quality canter, resisting, and stumbling and toe dragging. Recognition of these features as potential indicators of musculoskeletal pain may enable earlier recognition of lameness and avoidance of punishment-based training. Further research is necessary to verify this new ethogram for assessment of pain in ridden horses. |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1558-7878 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6706 |
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| Author |
Mizuguchi, M.; Arai, M.; Ke, Y.; Nitta, K.; Kuwajima, K. |
| Title |
Equilibrium and kinetics of the folding of equine lysozyme studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Molecular Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
283 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
265-277 |
| Keywords |
equine lysozyme; protein folding; molten globule; stopped-flow; folding intermediate |
| Abstract |
The equilibrium unfolding and the kinetics of unfolding and refolding of equine lysozyme, a Ca2+-binding protein, were studied by means of circular dichroism spectra in the far and near-ultraviolet regions. The transition curves of the guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding measured at 230 nm and 292.5 nm, and for the apo and holo forms of the protein have shown that the unfolding is well represented by a three-state mechanism in which the molten globule state is populated as a stable intermediate. The molten globule state of this protein is more stable and more native-like than that of α-lactalbumin, a homologous protein of equine lysozyme. The kinetic unfolding and refolding of the protein were induced by concentration jumps of the denaturant and measured by stopped-flow circular dichroism. The observed unfolding and refolding curves both agreed well with a single-exponential function. However, in the kinetic refolding reactions below 3 M guanidine hydrochloride, a burst-phase change in the circular dichroism was present, and the burst-phase intermediate in the kinetic refolding is shown to be identical with the molten globule state observed in the equilibrium unfolding. Under a strongly native condition, virtually all the molecules of equine lysozyme transform the structure from the unfolded state into the molten globule, and the subsequent refolding takes place from the molten globule state. The transition state of folding, which may exist between the molten globule and the native states, was characterized by investigating the guanidine hydrochloride concentration-dependence of the rate constants of refolding and unfolding. More than 80% of the hydrophobic surface of the protein is buried in the transition state, so that it is much closer to the native state than to the molten globule in which only 36% of the surface is buried in the interior of the molecule. It is concluded that all the present results are best explained by a sequential model of protein folding, in which the molten globule state is an obligatory folding intermediate on the pathway of folding. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3990 |
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